Which type of nutrient medium would a double mutant with argG and argE grow on. Introduction: Beadle and Tatum selected Neurospora crassa , the bread mold for their experiments. They allowed the growth of cultures in a nutrient-rich medium and then subcultured individual fungal cells by placing them on minimal medium. This process enables the identification of cells that lost the capability to synthesize compounds essential for growth. They aimed to study the capability to synthesize arginine amino acid.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 1DA

Summary Introduction

To determine: Which type of nutrient medium would a double mutant with argG and argE grow on.

Introduction: Beadle and Tatum selected Neurospora crassa, the bread mold for their experiments. They allowed the growth of cultures in a nutrient-rich medium and then subcultured individual fungal cells by placing them on minimal medium. This process enables the identification of cells that lost the capability to synthesize compounds essential for growth. They aimed to study the capability to synthesize arginine amino acid.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Beadle and Tatum selected mutants that can survive and grow on minimal medium with arginine. This resulted in a set of independent mutants that cannot synthesize arginine, and each of these mutants could be mapped genetically to different chromosomal positions. This research described four genes, namely argE, argF, argG, and argH. The specific lesion in each mutant can be determined by adding specific intermediates in the arginine biosynthesis pathway. Growth should be observed if the mutation influences the enzyme that occurs earlier in the biochemical pathway than the intermediate added to the minimal medium. No growth should be observed if the mutation influences an enzymatic step that occurs after the intermediate added.

The ArgE mutants are obstructed at the first step in the pathway. Therefore, the double mutant strain with argG and argE would grow only on nutrient medium supplemented with all the reaction intermediates.

Summary Introduction

To describe: What can a double mutant say about the order of the genes.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Generally, these types of double mutants enable researchers to conclude which gene exists first in the pathway. The double mutant will appear like an organism with a mutation at the initial point in the biological pathway.

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Question #3: In the KeyGene paper, the authors state that it would be useful if pollen from an apomict would transmit apomixis-inducing genes to the female in the cross (assuming the pollen is viable). Assuming there was just one gene conferring gametophytic obligate apomixis, and that the two parents are inbreds, what would be the consequences of such a cross if: a) The apomixis was a dominant trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the parental cross. b) The apomixis was a recessive trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the…

Question #5: Assume that two genes are identified that confer gametophytic facultative apomixis in soybean. The genes show independent assortment. Recessive alleles at both loci are required for the facultative apomixis. Facultative apomixis is triggered when the temperature at pollination is above 20 degrees C. At temperatures below 20 degrees C, all reproduction is sexual, independent of genotype. A facultative apomict male, capable of producing viable pollen, was crossed with a sexually reproducing female. Assuming the parents are completely inbred, what are the predicted phenotypic ratios (apomict: non-apomict) for the F1, F2, and DH (F1-derived) generations at each of the following temperatures*: a) 15°C? b) 25°C? *for full credit, show crosses and genotypes where appropriate. Remember to position the female first (left side) in the cross. Type your answer here:

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 1DA

Summary Introduction

To determine: Which type of nutrient medium would a double mutant with argG and argE grow on.

Introduction: Beadle and Tatum selected Neurospora crassa, the bread mold for their experiments. They allowed the growth of cultures in a nutrient-rich medium and then subcultured individual fungal cells by placing them on minimal medium. This process enables the identification of cells that lost the capability to synthesize compounds essential for growth. They aimed to study the capability to synthesize arginine amino acid.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Beadle and Tatum selected mutants that can survive and grow on minimal medium with arginine. This resulted in a set of independent mutants that cannot synthesize arginine, and each of these mutants could be mapped genetically to different chromosomal positions. This research described four genes, namely argE, argF, argG, and argH. The specific lesion in each mutant can be determined by adding specific intermediates in the arginine biosynthesis pathway. Growth should be observed if the mutation influences the enzyme that occurs earlier in the biochemical pathway than the intermediate added to the minimal medium. No growth should be observed if the mutation influences an enzymatic step that occurs after the intermediate added.

The ArgE mutants are obstructed at the first step in the pathway. Therefore, the double mutant strain with argG and argE would grow only on nutrient medium supplemented with all the reaction intermediates.

Summary Introduction

To describe: What can a double mutant say about the order of the genes.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Generally, these types of double mutants enable researchers to conclude which gene exists first in the pathway. The double mutant will appear like an organism with a mutation at the initial point in the biological pathway.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 1DA

Summary Introduction

To determine: Which type of nutrient medium would a double mutant with argG and argE grow on.

Introduction: Beadle and Tatum selected Neurospora crassa, the bread mold for their experiments. They allowed the growth of cultures in a nutrient-rich medium and then subcultured individual fungal cells by placing them on minimal medium. This process enables the identification of cells that lost the capability to synthesize compounds essential for growth. They aimed to study the capability to synthesize arginine amino acid.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Beadle and Tatum selected mutants that can survive and grow on minimal medium with arginine. This resulted in a set of independent mutants that cannot synthesize arginine, and each of these mutants could be mapped genetically to different chromosomal positions. This research described four genes, namely argE, argF, argG, and argH. The specific lesion in each mutant can be determined by adding specific intermediates in the arginine biosynthesis pathway. Growth should be observed if the mutation influences the enzyme that occurs earlier in the biochemical pathway than the intermediate added to the minimal medium. No growth should be observed if the mutation influences an enzymatic step that occurs after the intermediate added.

The ArgE mutants are obstructed at the first step in the pathway. Therefore, the double mutant strain with argG and argE would grow only on nutrient medium supplemented with all the reaction intermediates.

Summary Introduction

To describe: What can a double mutant say about the order of the genes.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Generally, these types of double mutants enable researchers to conclude which gene exists first in the pathway. The double mutant will appear like an organism with a mutation at the initial point in the biological pathway.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 1DA

Summary Introduction

To determine: Which type of nutrient medium would a double mutant with argG and argE grow on.

Introduction: Beadle and Tatum selected Neurospora crassa, the bread mold for their experiments. They allowed the growth of cultures in a nutrient-rich medium and then subcultured individual fungal cells by placing them on minimal medium. This process enables the identification of cells that lost the capability to synthesize compounds essential for growth. They aimed to study the capability to synthesize arginine amino acid.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Beadle and Tatum selected mutants that can survive and grow on minimal medium with arginine. This resulted in a set of independent mutants that cannot synthesize arginine, and each of these mutants could be mapped genetically to different chromosomal positions. This research described four genes, namely argE, argF, argG, and argH. The specific lesion in each mutant can be determined by adding specific intermediates in the arginine biosynthesis pathway. Growth should be observed if the mutation influences the enzyme that occurs earlier in the biochemical pathway than the intermediate added to the minimal medium. No growth should be observed if the mutation influences an enzymatic step that occurs after the intermediate added.

The ArgE mutants are obstructed at the first step in the pathway. Therefore, the double mutant strain with argG and argE would grow only on nutrient medium supplemented with all the reaction intermediates.

Summary Introduction

To describe: What can a double mutant say about the order of the genes.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Generally, these types of double mutants enable researchers to conclude which gene exists first in the pathway. The double mutant will appear like an organism with a mutation at the initial point in the biological pathway.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 15, Problem 1DA

Summary Introduction

To determine: Which type of nutrient medium would a double mutant with argG and argE grow on.

Introduction: Beadle and Tatum selected Neurospora crassa, the bread mold for their experiments. They allowed the growth of cultures in a nutrient-rich medium and then subcultured individual fungal cells by placing them on minimal medium. This process enables the identification of cells that lost the capability to synthesize compounds essential for growth. They aimed to study the capability to synthesize arginine amino acid.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Beadle and Tatum selected mutants that can survive and grow on minimal medium with arginine. This resulted in a set of independent mutants that cannot synthesize arginine, and each of these mutants could be mapped genetically to different chromosomal positions. This research described four genes, namely argE, argF, argG, and argH. The specific lesion in each mutant can be determined by adding specific intermediates in the arginine biosynthesis pathway. Growth should be observed if the mutation influences the enzyme that occurs earlier in the biochemical pathway than the intermediate added to the minimal medium. No growth should be observed if the mutation influences an enzymatic step that occurs after the intermediate added.

The ArgE mutants are obstructed at the first step in the pathway. Therefore, the double mutant strain with argG and argE would grow only on nutrient medium supplemented with all the reaction intermediates.

Summary Introduction

To describe: What can a double mutant say about the order of the genes.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Generally, these types of double mutants enable researchers to conclude which gene exists first in the pathway. The double mutant will appear like an organism with a mutation at the initial point in the biological pathway.

Answer 6

Chapter 15, Problem 1DA

Summary Introduction

To determine: Which type of nutrient medium would a double mutant with argG and argE grow on.

Introduction: Beadle and Tatum selected Neurospora crassa, the bread mold for their experiments. They allowed the growth of cultures in a nutrient-rich medium and then subcultured individual fungal cells by placing them on minimal medium. This process enables the identification of cells that lost the capability to synthesize compounds essential for growth. They aimed to study the capability to synthesize arginine amino acid.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Beadle and Tatum selected mutants that can survive and grow on minimal medium with arginine. This resulted in a set of independent mutants that cannot synthesize arginine, and each of these mutants could be mapped genetically to different chromosomal positions. This research described four genes, namely argE, argF, argG, and argH. The specific lesion in each mutant can be determined by adding specific intermediates in the arginine biosynthesis pathway. Growth should be observed if the mutation influences the enzyme that occurs earlier in the biochemical pathway than the intermediate added to the minimal medium. No growth should be observed if the mutation influences an enzymatic step that occurs after the intermediate added.

The ArgE mutants are obstructed at the first step in the pathway. Therefore, the double mutant strain with argG and argE would grow only on nutrient medium supplemented with all the reaction intermediates.

Answer 7

Chapter 15, Problem 1DA

Summary Introduction

To determine: Which type of nutrient medium would a double mutant with argG and argE grow on.

Introduction: Beadle and Tatum selected Neurospora crassa, the bread mold for their experiments. They allowed the growth of cultures in a nutrient-rich medium and then subcultured individual fungal cells by placing them on minimal medium. This process enables the identification of cells that lost the capability to synthesize compounds essential for growth. They aimed to study the capability to synthesize arginine amino acid.

Answer 8

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Beadle and Tatum selected mutants that can survive and grow on minimal medium with arginine. This resulted in a set of independent mutants that cannot synthesize arginine, and each of these mutants could be mapped genetically to different chromosomal positions. This research described four genes, namely argE, argF, argG, and argH. The specific lesion in each mutant can be determined by adding specific intermediates in the arginine biosynthesis pathway. Growth should be observed if the mutation influences the enzyme that occurs earlier in the biochemical pathway than the intermediate added to the minimal medium. No growth should be observed if the mutation influences an enzymatic step that occurs after the intermediate added.

The ArgE mutants are obstructed at the first step in the pathway. Therefore, the double mutant strain with argG and argE would grow only on nutrient medium supplemented with all the reaction intermediates.

Answer 9

Expert Solution

Answer 10

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Summary Introduction

To describe: What can a double mutant say about the order of the genes.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Generally, these types of double mutants enable researchers to conclude which gene exists first in the pathway. The double mutant will appear like an organism with a mutation at the initial point in the biological pathway.

Answer 13

Summary Introduction

To describe: What can a double mutant say about the order of the genes.

Answer 14

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Generally, these types of double mutants enable researchers to conclude which gene exists first in the pathway. The double mutant will appear like an organism with a mutation at the initial point in the biological pathway.