FUND. OF ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY F16 PKG
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781323431122
Author: Martini
Publisher: PEARSON C
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Chapter 15, Problem 19RQ
By which structures and in which pan of the brain is the level of muscle tone in the body’s skeletal muscles controlled? How is this control exerted?
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Which of the following statements best describes the axonal projection patterns of upper motoneurons located in the primary motor cortex?
Upper motoneurons located in the primary motor cortex are cholinergic and their axons project directly to muscle fibres to control voluntary muscle movements.
Upper motoneurons located in the primary motor cortex are glutamatergic and their axons project to the thalamus, brain stem and directly to muscle fibres to control voluntary muscle movements.
Upper motoneurons located in the primary motor cortex project to the spinal cord where they synapse with cholinergic lower motoneurons that control voluntary muscle movements.
Upper motoneurons located in the primary motor cortex project to neurons in the cerebellum, thalamus and brain stem that in turn contact lower motoneurons in the spinal cord to control voluntary muscle movements.
Bob suffers a heart attack and clutches his chest. How is sensory and motor information propagated in this event
Group of answer choices
both sensory and motor information from his arms are propagated via spinal nerves
multipolar neurons carrying motor information to the muscles of his arm exited the dorsal root of the spinal nerve
unipolar neurons carrying sensory information from his heart entered the ventral root of the spinal nerve
somatic sensory neurons carried the pain signals from his heart to the primary sensory cortex
The ventral tegmental area exhibits burst firing in response to which of the following environmental stimuli?
RPE
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All of the above
Only primary rewards such as food or sex (as in the four Fs )
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sensory cortex
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striatum.
Chapter 15 Solutions
FUND. OF ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY F16 PKG
Ch. 15 - What do we call the bodys specialized cells that...Ch. 15 - Prob. 2CPCh. 15 - Prob. 3CPCh. 15 - Define adaptation.Ch. 15 - List the major types of general sensory receptors,...Ch. 15 - Identify the three classes of mechanoreceptors.Ch. 15 - What would happen to you if the information from...Ch. 15 - Prob. 8CPCh. 15 - Which spinal tract carries action potentials...Ch. 15 - Prob. 10CP
Ch. 15 - Prob. 11CPCh. 15 - Prob. 12CPCh. 15 - Prob. 13CPCh. 15 - Prob. 1RQCh. 15 - __________ receptors are normally inactive, but...Ch. 15 - Prob. 3RQCh. 15 - Prob. 4RQCh. 15 - Prob. 5RQCh. 15 - Prob. 6RQCh. 15 - Prob. 7RQCh. 15 - What are the three major somatic sensory pathways...Ch. 15 - Prob. 9RQCh. 15 - Which three motor tracts make up the medial...Ch. 15 - Prob. 11RQCh. 15 - Prob. 12RQCh. 15 - What three steps are necessary for transduction to...Ch. 15 - Differentiate between a tonic receptor and a...Ch. 15 - What is a motor homunculus? How does it differ...Ch. 15 - Prob. 16RQCh. 15 - Prob. 17RQCh. 15 - Prob. 18RQCh. 15 - By which structures and in which pan of the brain...Ch. 15 - Prob. 20RQCh. 15 - Prob. 21RQCh. 15 - Prob. 22RQCh. 15 - Prob. 23RQCh. 15 - Prob. 1CCCh. 15 - Prob. 2CC
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Draw a picture tracing the motor information from the brain to a deep muscle in the back Which part of brain, where is neuron located? Does it involve spinal cord? Which part of spinal cord (horns)? Root involvement (be specific)? Ganglion involvement? Cranial or spinal nerve involvement? Ramus involvement? What type of muscle (epaxial, hypaxial) is involved and where is it located (anterior, posterior)arrow_forwardWhich of the Basal Ganglia loops is associated with switching tasks and prioritizing movements? Affective loop Motor loop Visual/Occulomotor loop Cognitive looparrow_forwardSomatic sensory and somatic motor information are propagated via specialized neurons. If you dip your toes in a hot tub before entering the tub, the action potentials generated by the water temperature travels via which of the following structures before it can be perceived by you? O unipolar neurons from the toes to the spinal nerve, ventral root, spinal cord, thalamus, primary somatosensory cortex O unipolar neurons from the toes to the spinal nerve, dorsal root, spinal cord, thalamus, primary somatosensory cortex O multipolar neurons from the toes to the spinal nerve, ventral root, spinal cord, thalamus, primary somatosensory cortex O multipolar neurons from the toes to the spinal nerves, dorsal root, spinal cord, thalamus, primary somatosensory cortexarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements regarding the motor end plate in the somatic motor division of the nervous system is true? After the activation of voltage-gated calcium channels, the neuron releases ACh onto the muscarinic receptors on the surface of the highly folded area of the muscle fibre. The preganglionic nerve fibre releases ACh onto the postganglionic nerve fibre, which then releases ACh onto the cholinergic receptors of the motor end plate. Chemically gated monovalent cation channels on the motor end plate are activated once the motor neuron releases ACh onto the nicotinic receptors on the surface of the muscle cell. The AChE enzyme enhances the amount of ACh released into the neuromuscular junctionarrow_forwardWhen describing the reflex arcs and the neural pathways involved we often limit ourselves to the nerves carrying information from the muscle or tendon to the spinal cord and back. However, it should be clear from our ability to feel the tendon tap as well as the results from the Jendrassik’s maneuver test that it isn’t this simple. What other neural connections must be present ?arrow_forwardTwo neurotransmitter the mediate nociceptive information in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord are: acetylcholine and GABA glutamate and substance P glutamate and GABA substance P and acetylcholinearrow_forward
- Upper motoneurons which are often affected in MND are originate from the Primary motor cortex only Somatosensory motor cortex only Primary motor and pre motor cortices Pre motor cortex only Primary motor, pre motor and primary sensory corticesarrow_forwardIf a mosquito bites you in the forearm, action potentials will have to reach the CNS before you can perceive the bite and react by swatting the mosquito. Which one of the following is the correct sequence of events that takes place from the time the mosquito bites you until you swat it? O somatic sensory receptors, afferent division, primary somatosensory cortex, primary motor cortex, efferent division, SNS, skeletal muscles O visceral sensory receptors, afferent division, primary somatosensory cortex, primary motor cortex, efferent division, SNS, skeletal muscles somatic sensory receptors, efferent division, primary somatosensory cortex, primary motor cortex, afferent division, SNS, skeletal muscles special sensory receptors, afferent division, primary somatosensory cortex, primary motor cortex, efferent division, SNS, skeletal musclesarrow_forwardResearchers investigating the effect of exercise on cognitive functions conducted a con- trolled experiment in which rats were randomly assigned to sedentary (Sed), low-intensity exercise (Low-Ex), or high-intensity exercise (High-Ex) groups. During this exercise regi- ment, rats were also trained to navigate a specialized water maze, and their escape la tency, the time it took them to escape the maze, was recorded. The results of this experi- ment are depicted in the figure below. escape latency (sec) 100 80 60- 40- 20 0- day 10 day 11 Escape latencies during the training phase Based on the data above, day 12 (b) Identify the control group in the experiment. sed -- low-ex -- high-ex (a) Identify the dependent and independent variables in the experiment. day 13 Respond to each part in 3 to 4 complete sentences. (c) Compare the effects of low-intensity and high-intensity exercise on the rats' cognitive func- tion during the training period.arrow_forward
- What structural features of the primary motor cortex somatotopic map reflect the general principle of physiology that structure is a determinantand has coevolved function?arrow_forwardSuppose that a neuroanatomist performed two experiments on an animal with the same basic brainstem structure as a human’s: In experiment 1, he selectively transected (cut across) the pyramids on the anterior side of the medulla oblongata; and in experiment 2, he selectively transected the gracile and cuneate fasciculi on the posterior side. How would the outcomes of the two experiments differ?arrow_forwardSubjecting neurons in the perforant pathway to tetanus stimulation strengthens activity in the dentate gyrus, indicating that long-term potentiation does not occur in the hippocampus. the hippocampus is involved in memory. synapses in the brain do not behave like Hebbian synapses. synapses in the brain can behave like Hebbian synapses.arrow_forward
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