University Physics Volume 2
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781938168161
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 19P
At s1iat frequency is the reactance of a
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Question B3
Consider the following FLRW spacetime:
t2
ds² = -dt² +
(dx²
+ dy²+ dz²),
t2
where t is a constant.
a)
State whether this universe is spatially open, closed or flat.
[2 marks]
b) Determine the Hubble factor H(t), and represent it in a (roughly drawn) plot as a function
of time t, starting at t = 0.
[3 marks]
c) Taking galaxy A to be located at (x, y, z) = (0,0,0), determine the proper distance to galaxy
B located at (x, y, z) = (L, 0, 0). Determine the recessional velocity of galaxy B with respect
to galaxy A.
d) The Friedmann equations are
2
k
8πG
а
4πG
+
a²
(p+3p).
3
a
3
[5 marks]
Use these equations to determine the energy density p(t) and the pressure p(t) for the
FLRW spacetime specified at the top of the page.
[5 marks]
e) Given the result of question B3.d, state whether the FLRW universe in question is (i)
radiation-dominated, (ii) matter-dominated, (iii) cosmological-constant-dominated, or (iv)
none of the previous. Justify your answer.
f)
[5 marks]
A conformally…
SECTION B
Answer ONLY TWO questions in Section B
[Expect to use one single-sided A4 page for each Section-B sub question.]
Question B1
Consider the line element
where w is a constant.
ds²=-dt²+e2wt dx²,
a) Determine the components of the metric and of the inverse metric.
[2 marks]
b) Determine the Christoffel symbols. [See the Appendix of this document.]
[10 marks]
c)
Write down the geodesic equations.
[5 marks]
d) Show that e2wt it is a constant of geodesic motion.
[4 marks]
e)
Solve the geodesic equations for null geodesics.
[4 marks]
Page 2
SECTION A
Answer ALL questions in Section A
[Expect to use one single-sided A4 page for each Section-A sub question.]
Question A1
SPA6308 (2024)
Consider Minkowski spacetime in Cartesian coordinates th
=
(t, x, y, z), such that
ds² = dt² + dx² + dy² + dz².
(a) Consider the vector with components V" = (1,-1,0,0). Determine V and V. V.
(b) Consider now the coordinate system x' (u, v, y, z) such that
u =t-x,
v=t+x.
[2 marks]
Write down the line element, the metric, the Christoffel symbols and the Riemann curvature
tensor in the new coordinates. [See the Appendix of this document.]
[5 marks]
(c) Determine V", that is, write the object in question A1.a in the coordinate system x'. Verify
explicitly that V. V is invariant under the coordinate transformation.
Question A2
[5 marks]
Suppose that A, is a covector field, and consider the object
Fv=AAμ.
(a) Show explicitly that F is a tensor, that is, show that it transforms appropriately under a
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(b)…
Chapter 15 Solutions
University Physics Volume 2
Ch. 15 - Check Your Understanding If a European ac voltage...Ch. 15 - Check Your Understanding Repeat Example 15.1 for...Ch. 15 - Check Your Understanding Find the voltages across...Ch. 15 - Check Your Understanding An ac voltmeter attached...Ch. 15 - Check Your Understanding Show that the tins...Ch. 15 - Check Your Understanding In the circuit of Figure...Ch. 15 - Check Your Understanding What happens to the...Ch. 15 - Check Your Understanding The resonant angular...Ch. 15 - Check Your Understanding A transformer steps the...Ch. 15 - What is the relationship between frequency and...
Ch. 15 - Explain why at high frequencies a capacitor acts...Ch. 15 - In an RLC series circuit, can the voltage measured...Ch. 15 - For what value of the phase angle between the...Ch. 15 - Discuss the differences between average power and...Ch. 15 - The average ac current delivered to a circuit is...Ch. 15 - Can the instantaneous power output of an ac source...Ch. 15 - The power rating of a resistor used in ac circuits...Ch. 15 - Why do transmission lines operate at very hig1...Ch. 15 - How can you distinguish the primary winding from...Ch. 15 - Battery packs in some electronic devices are...Ch. 15 - Will a transformer work if the input is a dc...Ch. 15 - Why are the primary and secondary coils of a...Ch. 15 - Write an expression for the output voltage of an...Ch. 15 - Calculate the reactance of a 5.0F capacitor at (a)...Ch. 15 - What is the capacitance of a capacitor whose...Ch. 15 - Calculate the reactance of a 5.0-mH inductor at...Ch. 15 - What is the self-inductance of a coil whose...Ch. 15 - At s1iat frequency is the reactance of a 20F...Ch. 15 - At 1000 Hz, the reactance of a 5.0-mH inductor is...Ch. 15 - A 50resistor is connected across the emf...Ch. 15 - A 25F capacitor is connected to an emf given by...Ch. 15 - A 100-mH inductor is connected across the emf of...Ch. 15 - What is the impedance of a series combination of a...Ch. 15 - A resistor and capacitor are connected in series...Ch. 15 - A resistor and inductor are connected in series...Ch. 15 - In an RLC series circuit, the voltage amplitude...Ch. 15 - An PLC series circuit with R=600 , L = 30 mH. and...Ch. 15 - For the cucu3t shown below, what are (a) the total...Ch. 15 - The emf of an ac source is given by v(t)=v0sint....Ch. 15 - Calculate the rms currents for an ac source is...Ch. 15 - A 40-mH inductor is connected to a 60-Hz AC source...Ch. 15 - For an RLC series circuit, the voltage amplitude...Ch. 15 - An ac source of voltage amplitude 10 V delivers...Ch. 15 - An RLC series circuit has an impedance of 60 and a...Ch. 15 - Calculate the resonant angular freqency of an RLC...Ch. 15 - The resonant frequency of RLC series circuits is...Ch. 15 - (a) What is the resonant frequency of an RLC...Ch. 15 - For an RLC series circuit, R=100 , L = 150 mH, and...Ch. 15 - An ac source of voltage amplitude 100 V and...Ch. 15 - (a) What is the resonant frequency of a resistor,...Ch. 15 - Suppose a coil has a self-inductance of 20.0 H and...Ch. 15 - An ac generator is connected to a device whose...Ch. 15 - A step-up transformer is designed so that the...Ch. 15 - A step-up transformer connected to a 100-V line U...Ch. 15 - An ac source of emf delivers 5.0 mW of power at an...Ch. 15 - A transformer is used to down 110 V from a wall...Ch. 15 - A transformer is used to supply a 12-V model train...Ch. 15 - The emf of an ac source is given by v(t)=V0sint,...Ch. 15 - A 700-pF capacitor is connected across an ac...Ch. 15 - A 20-mH inductor is connected across an AC source...Ch. 15 - A 30F capacitor is connected across a 60-Hz ac...Ch. 15 - A 7.0-mH induct is connected across a 60-Hz ac...Ch. 15 - What is the impedance of an RLC series circuit at...Ch. 15 - What is the resistance R in the circuit shown...Ch. 15 - An ac source of voltage amplitude 100 V and...Ch. 15 - In an RLC series circuit, R=200,L=1.0H ,...Ch. 15 - A power plant generator produces 100 A at 15 kV...Ch. 15 - Consider a power plant located 25 km outside a...Ch. 15 - Neon signs require 12-kV for their operation. A...Ch. 15 - The 335-kV ac electricity from a power...Ch. 15 - A 1.5k resistor and 30-mH inductor are connected...Ch. 15 - A 20 resistor, 50F capacitor, and 30-mH inductor...Ch. 15 - A 200- resistor, 150- F capacitor, and 23-H...Ch. 15 - Find the reactances of the following capacitors...Ch. 15 - An output impedance of an audio amplifier has an...Ch. 15 - Show that the SI unit for capacitive reactance is...Ch. 15 - A coil with a self-inductance of 16 mH and a...Ch. 15 - An RLC series circuit consists of a 50 resistor, a...Ch. 15 - An RLC series circuit consists of a 10 resistor,...Ch. 15 - Shown below are two circuits that act as crude...Ch. 15 - The two circuits shown below act as crude low-pass...
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