
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:Whether the arrows representing the movement of electrons in molecules A to D leading to a resonance form is correct or not needs to be determined.
Concept Introduction:VSEPR theory stands as Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory. It helps to predict the molecular shape or geometry of the molecule with the help of the number of bond pair or lone pair present in it. According to VSEPR theory, the presence of lone pair on the central atom of molecule causes deviation from standard molecular geometry.
The resonance is the phenomenon in which if all the properties cannot explain by one structure, it can be shown in two or more structures by the shifting of pi bonds or lone pair but there is no change in sigma bond and position of atoms.
(b)
Interpretation:Thetwo resonance forms of nitrite ion
Concept Introduction:VSEPR theory stands for Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory. It helps to predict the molecular shape or geometry of the molecule with the help of the number of bond pair or lone pair present in it. According to VSEPR theory, the presence of lone pair on the central atom of molecule causes deviation from standard molecular geometry. This is because of the repulsion between lone pairs and bond pairs of the central atom of the molecule. The order of repulsion is:
Lone pair-lone pair > lone pair-bond pair > bond pair-bond pair
Based on the number of lone pair and bond pair, the molecular geometry can be determined with the help of below table.
Number of hybridizations | Bond pair | Lone pair | Geometry |
2 | 2 | 0 | Linear |
2 | 1 | 1 | Linear |
3 | 3 | 0 | Trigonal planar |
3 | 2 | 1 | Bent |
4 | 4 | 0 | Tetrahedral |
4 | 3 | 1 | Trigonal pyramidal |
4 | 2 | 2 | Bent |
5 | 5 | 0 | Trigonal bipyramidal |
5 | 4 | 1 | See saw |
5 | 3 | 2 | T shaped |
5 | 2 | 3 | Linear |
6 | 6 | 0 | Octahedral |
(c)
Interpretation:TheLewis octet and valence shell expanded resonance forms of
Concept Introduction:VSEPR theory stands as Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory. It helps to predict the molecular shape or geometry of the molecule with the help of the number of bond pair or lone pair present in it. According to VSEPR theory, the presence of lone pair on the central atom of molecule causes deviation from standard molecular geometry. This is because of the repulsion between lone pairs and bond pairs of the central atom of the molecule. The order of repulsion is:
Lone pair-lone pair > lone pair-bond pair > bond pair-bond pair
Based on the number of lone pair and bond pair, the molecular geometry can be determined with the help of below table.
Number of hybridization | Bond pair | Lone pair | Geometry |
2 | 2 | 0 | Linear |
2 | 1 | 1 | Linear |
3 | 3 | 0 | Trigonal planar |
3 | 2 | 1 | Bent |
4 | 4 | 0 | Tetrahedral |
4 | 3 | 1 | Trigonal pyramidal |
4 | 2 | 2 | Bent |
5 | 5 | 0 | Trigonal bipyramidal |
5 | 4 | 1 | See saw |
5 | 3 | 2 | T shaped |
5 | 2 | 3 | Linear |
6 | 6 | 0 | Octahedral |

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Chapter 1 Solutions
EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- Identify the missing organic reactants in the following reaction: X + Y H+ two steps Note: This chemical equation only focuses on the important organic molecules in the reaction. Additional inorganic or small-molecule reactants or products (like H2O) are not shown. In the drawing area below, draw the skeletal ("line") structures of the missing organic reactants X and Y. You may draw the structures in any arrangement that you like, so long as they aren't touching. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Х :arrow_forwardDraw the mechanism of friedel-crafts acylation using acetyl chloride of m-Xylenearrow_forwardI need help naming these in IUPACarrow_forward
- H R Part: 1/2 :CI: is a/an electrophile Part 2 of 2 Draw the skeletal structure of the product(s) for the Lewis acid-base reaction. Include lone pairs and formal charges (if applicable) on the structures. 4-7: H ö- H Skip Part Check X :C1: $ % L Fi Click and drag to start drawing a structure. MacBook Pro & ㅁ x G 0: P Add or increase positive formal cha Save For Later Submit ©2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Centearrow_forwardDraw the friedel-crafts acylation mechanism of m-Xylenearrow_forwardDon't used hand raiting and don't used Ai solutionarrow_forward
- 1. Base on this experimental results, how do you know that the product which you are turning in is methyl 3-nitrobenzoate(meta substituted product ) rather than either of the other two products? 2. What observation suggests that at least a small amount of one or both of the other two isomers are in the mother liquor?arrow_forwardExplain Huckel's rule.arrow_forwardhere is my question can u help me please!arrow_forward
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
