Refer to Problem 13.8. If an additional requirement is that the factor of safety against uplift is at least 3 with the dead load on (live load = 0), what should be the diameter of the bell? Problem 13.8 Refer to Figure 13.25b. For the drilled shaft with bell, given: Thickness of active zone, Z = 9.15 m Dead load = 1334 kN Live load = 267 kN Diameter of the shaft,  = 1.07 m Zero swell pressure for the clay in the active zone = 574.6kN/m2 Average angle of plinth-soil friction Average undrained cohesion of the clay around the bell = 144.6kN/m2 Determine the diameter of the bell, . A factor of safety of 3 against uplift is required with the assumption that dead load plus live load is equal to zero Figure 13.25b

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Load and resistance factor design

Load and resistance factors design (LRFD), also known as Limit state design (LSD), refers to the design method used in building engineering. A boundary condition is a condition of a structure where it can no longer meet the relevant design requirements. The condition may refer to the load level or other actions on the structure, while the terms refer to the integrity of the structure, suitability for use, durability, or other design requirements. A structure designed for LRFD is limited to keeping track of all possible actions during its design time and is always ready for use, with the appropriate level of reliability in each boundary condition. LRFD-based construction codes clearly define the appropriate levels of reliability in their instructions.