Chapter 15, Problem 15.45P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Considering the number of bonds and the nature of the atoms that are bonded, if the conversion of $-\underset{\left|}{\overset{\right|}{\text{C}}}-\text{OH}$  to $-\underset{\text{|}}{\text{C}}=\text{O}$ is an oxidation or a reduction has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Oxidation:

When a carbon atom in the reactant forms more bonds to the oxygen or less bonds to hydrogen, it is said to be oxidation.

Reduction:

When a carbon atom in the reactant forms more bonds to the hydrogen or less bonds to oxygen, it is said to be oxidation.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Considering the number of bonds and the nature of the atoms that are bonded, if the conversion of ${\text{=CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{-OH}$ to ${\text{=CH}}_{\text{2}}$ is an oxidation or a reduction has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Oxidation:

When a carbon atom in the reactant forms more bonds to the oxygen or less bonds to hydrogen, it is said to be oxidation.

Reduction:

When a carbon atom in the reactant forms more bonds to the hydrogen or less bonds to oxygen, it is said to be oxidation.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Considering the number of bonds and the nature of the atoms that are bonded, if the conversion of $\text{-}\stackrel{\stackrel{\text{O}}{\text{||}}}{\text{C}}\text{-}\underset{\text{|}}{\text{C-}}$ to $\text{-}\stackrel{\stackrel{\text{O}}{\text{||}}}{\text{C}}\text{-}\underset{\text{|}}{\text{O-}}$ is an oxidation or a reduction has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Oxidation:

When a carbon atom in the reactant forms more bonds to the oxygen or less bonds to hydrogen, it is said to be oxidation.

Reduction:

When a carbon atom in the reactant forms more bonds to the hydrogen or less bonds to oxygen, it is said to be oxidation.