Campbell Essential Biology (6th Edition) - standalone book
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780133917789
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jane B. Reece, Kelly A. Hogan
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 14, Problem 9SQ
Why are biologists careful to distinguish similarities due to homology from similarities due to analogy when constructing phylogenetic trees?
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Chapter 14 Solutions
Campbell Essential Biology (6th Edition) - standalone book
Ch. 14 - Distinguish between microevolution, speciation,...Ch. 14 - Prob. 2SQCh. 14 - Identify each of the following reproductive...Ch. 14 - Why is a small, isolated population more likely to...Ch. 14 - Many species of plants and animals adapted to...Ch. 14 - Mass extinctions a. cut the number of species to...Ch. 14 - Prob. 7SQCh. 14 - A paleontologist estimates that when a particular...Ch. 14 - Why are biologists careful to distinguish...Ch. 14 - In the three-domain system, which two domains...
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- Some organisms that appear very closely related on a phylogenetic tree may not actually be closely related. Why is this?arrow_forwardWithin the field of phylogenetics, what does a “bootstrap value” represent? (write/make 3 points for this question)arrow_forwardWhen constructing phylogenetic trees, what is the purpose of applying maximum parsimony? Parsimony allows the researcher to "root" the tree. For trees based on morphology, the most parsimonious tree requires the maximum evolutionary events. The outgroup roots the tree, allowing the principle of parsimony to be applied. For trees based on morphology, the most parsimonious is the one that uses the simplest explanation of evolutionary events.arrow_forward
- The number of possible trees resulting from phylogenetic analysis grows exponentially with the number taxa, such that in a 22 taxon analysis there are more possible unrooted trees than there are stars in the universe. A) True B) False C) It depends on the inference method and optimality criteria used. D) Number of taxa and number of unrooted tree possibilities are unrelated in phylogenetic analysis.arrow_forwarda) What is a phylogenetic tree? b) What is a branch point? c) What are sister taxa? d) What is a ‘rooted’ phylogenetic tree?arrow_forwardHow do we actually construct a phylogenetic tree?arrow_forward
- What is the purpose of using an “outgroup” when reconstructing a phylogenetic tree?arrow_forwardHow does a phylogenetic tree relate to the passing of time? Some organisms that appear very closely related to a phylogenetic tree may not actually be closely related (Example. Sharks and dolphins). Why is this?arrow_forwardWhich of the following best explains why coalescent-based phylogenetic inference is important in the age of phylogenomics? A) Coalescent-based methods directly model gene tree histories independently to infer the species tree in a summary-based manner, which is important for phylogenomic analysis were hundreds to thousands of gene histories are analyzed. B) Coalescent-based methods have the most advanced evolutionary models of molecular evolution, which is important for phylogenomic analysis were hundreds to thousands of gene histories are analyzed. C) Coalescent-based methods are no more important than other types of phylogenetic inference, even for phylogenomic analyses. D) None of the above.arrow_forward
- Compare phylogenetic trees created using DNA data with phylogenetic trees created using chromosomal banding patterns. Which technique do you think is more valuable and why?arrow_forwardIn the last lab while creating a phylogenetic tree using PAUP/CIPRES, Fagus grandifolia was specified as the outgroup . Why is this step important? If the outgroup is not specified, PAUP or CIPRES will produce an unrooted tree in which outgroup is not connected to the rest of the tree by a common ancestor If the outgroup is not specified, PAUP or CIPRES will produce an unrooted tree in which the outgroup might not branch off prior to the common ancestor of the organisms under study O If the outgroup is not specified, PAUP or CIIPRES will produce an unrooted tree. Unrooted trees do not follow the Law of Parsimony All options are incorrectarrow_forwardPhylogenetic trees are a type of model that can be used to show how organisms are related through common ancestry. The phylogenetic tree model represents nodes numbered 1 through 8. Using evidence from the phylogenetic tree determine which species would be MOST closely related to the species on branch C? Question options: The species on Branch A is most closely related to the species on branch C because they share the most recent common ancestor at node 1. The species on Branch B is most closely related to the species on branch C because they share the greatest number of common +ancestors. The species on Branch A & B are both most closely related to the species on branch C because they share the most most recent common ancestor at node 2. The species on Branches F, G, H, and I are all equally related to the species on branch C because they all split from a common ancestor at the same time which is illustrated by having nodes 2 and 7 at the…arrow_forward
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