Basic Biomechanics
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780073522760
Author: Susan J Hall
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 14, Problem 6IP
How much angular impulse must be supplied by the hamstrings to bring a leg swinging at 8 rad/s to a stop, given that the leg’s moment of inertia is 0.7 kg m2? (Answer: 5.6 kg m2/s)
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2. a) Label the system provided below, including the reference frame, moment arms and vector forces
with the information provided.
Internal moment arm = 4cm +0.04m
External moment arm relative
to the segment weight = 25cm 0.25m
External moment arm relative
to the load weight = 45cm 40.45m
Segment weight = 50 N
Load weight = 100 N
Lower leg segment angle relative
to horizontal plane = 45°
Quadriceps tendon angle = 45°
Axis of
rotation
MF
SW
LW
2b) Using the figure in 2a., calculate the external torque of the system relative to the normal
component of segment and load weights listed above.
2c) Calculate the amount of both the tangential component of the muscle force and the muscle force
itself required to keep this system in a state of static equilibrium.
A) Describe the difference between strength and power during a squat. Provide a quantitative example that illustrates the difference.
B) During a squat, the weight you have on your shoulders has a certain amount of gravitational potential energy. As you squat down and come to a stop at the bottom of the squat, some of that energy is lost. Where does it go?
ney:
Load (L) = 5 kgs
= Effort
E = Fulcrum
Weight of forearm = 1.8 kgs
L = Load
Biceps brachii
muscle
Distance of load from elbow joint = 35 cm
%3D
Effort (E) = contraction
of biceps brachii
Distance of center of mass of forearm from elbow = 17 cm
Distance of tendon from elbow = 4 cm
A) Draw the free-body diagram to represent the forces and moments
Load (L) = weight of
object plus forearm
B) Write the torque equation for static equilibrium
Fulcrum (F) = elbow joint
Chapter 14 Solutions
Basic Biomechanics
Ch. 14 - If you had to design a model of the human body...Ch. 14 - Construct a table displaying common units of...Ch. 14 - Skilled performance of a number of sport skills is...Ch. 14 - Prob. 5IPCh. 14 - How much angular impulse must be supplied by the...Ch. 14 - Given the following principal transverse axis...Ch. 14 - A volleyball players 3.7-kg arm moves at an...Ch. 14 - A 50-kg diver in a full layout position, with a...Ch. 14 - Prob. 10IPCh. 14 - The radius of gyration of the thigh with respect...
Ch. 14 - A 0.68-kg tennis ball is given an angular momentum...Ch. 14 - A 7.27-kg shot makes seven complete revolutions...Ch. 14 - Prob. 5APCh. 14 - The patellar tendon attaches to the tibia at a 20...Ch. 14 - A cavewoman swings a 0.75-m sling of negligible...Ch. 14 - A 7.27-kg hammer on a 1-m wire is released with a...Ch. 14 - Discuss the effect of banking a curve on a...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, bioengineering and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- How much force must be produced by the biceps brachii, attaching at 90? to the radius at 3 cm from the center of rotation at the elbow joint, to support a weight of 200 N held in the hand at a distance of 30 cm from the elbow joint? (Neglect the weight of the forearm and hand, and neglect any action of other muscles)arrow_forwardThe graphs below show the force-versus-shortening-velocity and power-versus- shortening-velocity curves for four muscles in the human lower extremity. Note that these curves show this relationship only for shortening activations (positive shortening velocities), not lengthening activations. And, note that the values displayed on the axes of the graphs are absolute (not normalized) values of force, power, and velocity. These graphs apply to the next three questions. Force vs Shortening Velocity Power vs Shortening Velocity 1,500 400 1,200 300 2 900 200 600 100 300 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Shortening Velocity (m/s) Shortening Velocity (m/s) muscle 1 muscle 3 muscle 2 muscle 4 Force (N) Power (W)arrow_forwardGive two example of 'curvature' movement?arrow_forward
- GIVE 3 EXERCISES THAT CAN BE CONSIDERED AS A LOCOMOTOR MOVEMENT WITH LATERAL ROTATION AND MEDIAL ROTATION MOVEMENT AND WHY?arrow_forwardHill's equation gives a relation between muscle contraction rates νν and muscle tension TT (T+α)(ν+β)=(T0+α)β(T+α)(ν+β)=(T0+α)β for positive parameters αα and ββ and resting tension T0T0. Rewrite the equation so that the contraction rate is a function of tension.arrow_forwardExplain the answer biomechanicallyarrow_forward
- If the muscle fiber is stretched to 150% of muscle length and thentechnically stimulated, what would be the total force measured?arrow_forwardTotal compressive knee forces range between O 1-2 %BW O 2-4 %BW 3-5 %BW 0.5-1.5 %BWarrow_forward2. We discussed how muscle spindles allow for precision of movement as a muscle lengthens, and particular muscles which require more precise movements will contain more spindles. In addition to this precision control over muscle length, there are other differences between muscles which enable more precision in how much force is generated. Consider the two graphs below which depict force generated by two different muscles as additional motor units are recruited. Force Muscle A Load Force Muscle B Load a) Describe why the first steps for a low force contraction in both muscles are smaller than the later ones in the context of motor units and force production.arrow_forward
- If an individual does training with only the right knee extensor muscles, it is common to see increase in strength in knee extension force for the right leg and an increase in strength in the knee extension force of the left leg (although the increase in force is typically not to the same extent as the force increase in the right leg) a.) True b.) Falsearrow_forwarda) Between EMG activity and force output, which changes with grip spacing and which stays constant? b) Which one of the principles below explains the relationship between grip spacing and force output? -Force-velocity (load-velocity) -Length-tension -Frequency-tension c) Explain the difference in sarcomere overlap as spacer width increases.arrow_forwardCalculate the total amount of work performed in 5 minutes of exercise on the cycle ergometer, given the following:Resistance on the flywheel = 25 NCranking speed = 60 rpmDistance traveled per revolution = 6 metersarrow_forward
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