The source for the given four signals and a justification for the location of the signal at 1660 cm -1 has to be given. Concept introduction: IR spectral studies: It is a spectroscopic technique which is used to determine the functional groups present in the given compound sample by absorbing characteristic frequency in particular range with respect to the group present in the given sample. Wavenumber: It is defined as the number of waves in one centimeter. The wavenumber indicates the location of each signal with respect to the functional group in the molecule and its unit is cm -1 . Carbonyl group: The functional group that contains carbon atom which is doubly bonded with the oxygen atom. Conjugated Compounds: The conjugated compounds arises when the p-orbitals overlap bridges the single bonds lying between the two phi bonds, which allows the delocalization of electrons over the compound. Primary and secondary amine : It refers to the functional group that contains one nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and one carbon containing group and the secondary amine contains nitrogen bonded to one hydrogen atom and two carbon containing groups. Alcohol functional group: It refers to the functional group that contains one OH group bonded with the carbon atom in a molecule. The characteristic IR signal for OH group is broad signal at range of about 3200-3600 cm -1 .

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Chapter 14, Problem 69IP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The source for the given four signals and a justification for the location of the signal at 1660 cm-1 has to be given.

Concept introduction:

IR spectral studies: It is a spectroscopic technique which is used to determine the functional groups present in the given compound sample by absorbing characteristic frequency in particular range with respect to the group present in the given sample.

Wavenumber: It is defined as the number of waves in one centimeter. The wavenumber indicates the location of each signal with respect to the functional group in the molecule and its unit is cm-1.

Carbonyl group: The functional group that contains carbon atom which is doubly bonded with the oxygen atom.

Conjugated Compounds: The conjugated compounds arises when the p-orbitals overlap bridges the single bonds lying between the two phi bonds, which allows the delocalization of electrons over the compound.

Primary and secondary amine:

It refers to the functional group that contains one nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and one carbon containing group and the secondary amine contains nitrogen bonded to one hydrogen atom and two carbon containing groups.

Alcohol functional group: It refers to the functional group that contains one OH group bonded with the carbon atom in a molecule. The characteristic IR signal for OH group is broad signal at range of about 3200-3600cm-1.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The justification for not neglecting the concentration of the enol tautomer has to be given.

Concept introduction:

IR spectral studies: It is a spectroscopic technique which is used to determine the functional groups present in the given compound sample by absorbing characteristic frequency in particular range with respect to the group present in the given sample.

Wavenumber: It is defined as the number of waves in one centimeter. The wavenumber indicates the location of each signal with respect to the functional group in the molecule and its unit is cm-1.

Carbonyl group: The functional group that contains carbon atom which is doubly bonded with the oxygen atom.

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I have a question about this problem involving mechanisms and drawing curved arrows for acids and bases. I know we need to identify the nucleophile and electrophile, but are there different types of reactions? For instance, what about Grignard reagents and other types that I might not be familiar with? Can you help me with this? I want to identify the names of the mechanisms for problems 1-14, such as Gilman reagents and others. Are they all the same? Also, could you rewrite it so I can better understand? The handwriting is pretty cluttered. Additionally, I need to label the nucleophile and electrophile, but my main concern is whether those reactions differ, like the "Brønsted-Lowry acid-base mechanism, Lewis acid-base mechanism, acid-catalyzed mechanisms, acid-catalyzed reactions, base-catalyzed reactions, nucleophilic substitution mechanisms (SN1 and SN2), elimination reactions (E1 and E2), organometallic mechanisms, and so forth."