Shivering. You have no doubt noticed that you usually shiver when you get out of the shower. Shivering is the body’s way of generating heat to restore its internal temperature to the normal 37°C, and it produces approximately 290 W of heat power per square meter of body area. A 68 kg (150 lb), 1.78 m (5 ft., 10 in.) person has approximately 1.8 m2 of surface area. How long would this person have to shiver to raise his or her body temperature by 1.0 C°, assuming that none of this heat is lost by the body? The specific heat of the body is about 3500 J/(kg·K).
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- (a) What is the rate of heat conduction through the 3.00-cm-thick fur of a large animal having a I .40-m surface area? Assume that the animal's skin temperature is 32.0 , that the air temperature is 5.00 , and that has the same thermal conductivity as air. (b) What food intake will the animal need in one day to replace this heat transfer?arrow_forwardIn 1986, a gargantuan iceberg broke away from the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica. It was approximately a rectangle 160 km long, 40.0 km wide, and 250 m thick. (a) What is the mass of this iceberg, given that the density of ice is 917kg/m3 ? (b) How much heat transfer (in joules) is needed to melt it? (c) How many years would it take sunlight alone to melt ice this thick, if the ice absorbs an average of 100W/m2, 12.00 h per day?arrow_forward(a) How much heat transfer is required to raise the temperature of a 0.750kg aluminum pot containing 2.50 kg of water from 30.0C to the boiling point and then boil away 0.750 kg of water? (b) How long does this take if the rate of heat transfer is 500 W 1watt=ljoule/second(lW=lJ/s) ?arrow_forward
- The surface area of an adult human is about 1.8 m2. Suppose a person with a skin temperature of 34°C is standing with bare skin in a room where the air is 25°C but the walls are 17°C.a. There is a “dead-air” layer next to your skin that acts as insulation. If the dead-air layer is 5.0 mm thick, what is the person’s rate of heat loss by conduction?b. What is the person’s net radiation loss to the walls? The emissivity of skin is 0.97.c. Does conduction or radiation contribute more to the total rate of energy loss?d. If the person is metabolizing food at a rate of 155 W, does the person feel comfortable, chilly, or too warm?arrow_forwardAt the peak temperature on a sunny but cold day, the speed of sound in air was measured to be about 316.m/s. What was the air temperature? Speed of Sound in Air Tx 273.15 v(in m/s) = 331 . where Tg is the temperature in Kelvin. Also recall Tc = Tg– 273.15 where Te is the temperature in Celsius. A. -25.18°C D. -27.43°C В. -29.4°C E. -26.62°C С. -24.2°C F. -28.44°Carrow_forward4. A copper bar lies between two heat sources given by T₁ = 100°C and Tc = 20°C. The area of the copper bar is 4.5 cm 2 and its thickness is 15 cm. Calculate the ratio of heat transfer by conduction between both sources. a. 96 J/s b. 9624 J/s c. 962 kJ/s d. 962 J/s 5. Calculate the ratio of heat flow through a window of 4.0 m² and a thickness of 3.5 mm when the indoor and outdoor temperatures are 25°C and 24°C. a. 2143 J/s b. 1143 J/s c. 11.4 J/s d. 1200 J/s 6. Six (6) molecules in a container have the following velocities: 400, 550, 345, 678, 899, 200 m/s. Find the average velocity of the gas molecules. 7. The mass of a molecule of an ideal gas is 3.56 x 10-26 kg. Calculate the speed Vrms at a temperature of 100°C. 8. The temperature of 3.00 mol of an ideal monatomic gas is increased from 30°C to 95°C. The gas is kept at constant volume. Determine the energy transferred as heat. 9. The temperature of 2.00 mol of an ideal monatomic gas is increased by 25 K at constant pressure.…arrow_forward
- 1. If 60 kJ of heat energy are added to 2 kg of water at 30°C, what will be the final temperature of the water? The specific heat of water is 4186 J/kg·°C. 2. How long (in seconds) will it take to heat 40 kg of water from 40°C to 80°C with a 20-kW immersion heater? Assume no energy is lost to the environment and specific heat of water is 4.186 kJ/kgoC. 3. The heat of vaporization of water is 2260 kJ/kg and the heat of fusion of water is 335 kJ/kg. Use the specific heat of water is 4.186 kJ/kg·oC 3a) How much energy (in kJ) will it take to raise the temperature of water (15 kg) from 0°C to 100oC? 3b) How much energy (in kJ) would it take to then completely convert the water to steam? 4. You want to raise the temperature of 22kg of water from 60°C to 95°C. If electricity costs $0.08/kWh, how much would it cost you to use an electric heater for this process? Use the specific heat of water is 4.186 kJ/kgoC and 1 kJ = 0.00028 kWh.arrow_forwardAn insulated beaker with negligible mass contains liquid water with a mass of 0.235 kg and a temperature of 72.2 °C. ▼ Part A How much ice at a temperature of -21.4 °C must be dropped into the water so that the final temperature of the system will be 32.0 °C ? Take the specific heat of liquid water to be 4190 J/kg. K, the specific heat of ice to be 2100 J/kg. K, and the heat of fusion for water to be 3.34x105 J/kg . ► View Available Hint(s) mice = 0.096 Submit VE ΑΣΦ Provide Feedback Previous Answers www X Incorrect; Try Again; 5 attempts remaining kg Next >arrow_forwardWhat is the rate of heat transfer in J/s through the body's skin and the fat layer just beneath its surface? Treat the skin and fat as a single layer that is 1.20 cm thick. Assume the temperature of the inner surface of the layer corresponds to internal body temperature, or 36.7 °C, and the temperature of the outer surface of the layer corresponds to skin temperature, or 34.0 °C. Take the total surface area of the layer to be 1.50 m² and use a value of 0.413 W/(m-C°) for the average thermal conductivity of the layer. Number Unitsarrow_forward
- At 4:00 p.m., you place a pizza stone at 20°C inside an oven whose temperature is maintained at 220°C. At 4:15 p.m., the temperature of the stone reaches 120°C. At 4:30 p.m., you expect the stone's temperature to be Select one: a. 150°C. b. 170°C. c. 190°C. d. 200°C. e. 220°C.arrow_forwardA granite wall has a thickness of 73.1 cm, an area of 5.94 m by 2.8 m and a thermal conductivity of 2.1 W/(m.C°). The temperature on one face of the wall is 2.03°C and 28.4°C on the opposite face. How much heat is transferred in one minute through the granite wall? O 75.6 kJ O 1.26 kJ 756 kJ O 1140 kJarrow_forwardJE JIE U 8. A 3.2 m length of copper pipe extends directly from a hot-water heater in a basement to a faucet on the first floor of a house. If the faucet isn't fixed in place, how much will it rise when the pipe is heated from 20.0° C to 85.9° C. The coefficient of linear expansion for copper is 1.6*10$ K-. An amergensy vahicla is traveling at 45 m/s annrnaching a car heading inarrow_forward
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