Concept explainers
In a patient who developed carpal tunnel syndrome, the nerve injury began as a neurapraxia and then became an axonotmesis. (1) Recall what nerve is affected in carpal tunnel syndrome (See Section 8.2c, Clinical Application). (2) Explain the terms
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Human Anatomy (8th Edition)
- When removing cerebrospinal fluid during a spinal tap, the needle is inserted below L2. Explain why spinal taps are not done above this level.arrow_forwardYou are called to assess a pt complaining of severe back pain originating at L4 and running down the back of his right thigh and inner right leg. You also observe an associated weakness and sensory deficit in the right leg. which of the following would be the most consistent with these findings A) Sciatica B) Cerebal Palsy C) L4 Lumbar Fracture D) Cerebrovascular accidentarrow_forwardWhile moving a large box in his garage, Carl hurt his back. Withinhours, the pain in his back was radiating down the medial side of hisleft thigh and knee. It was especially difficult for Carl to flex his lefthip and extend his left knee. He could not stand the pain, so he wentto the emergency room. Radiographs and an MRI revealed a bulgingintervertebral disk. Which spinal nerve was most likely affected, andwhy were Carl’s motor movements affected? Also, explain the referredpain.arrow_forward
- Complete the table by filling in the missing nerve/ foramen and classification. (13) Trigeminal CP: a. CN – Cranial Nerve CP – Cranial Passage |(12) (1) b. Vagus (11) Facial CP:- C. CP: (10) CN: - Jugular foramen Vestibulo cochlear |(2) CP: (9) Trochlear 12 CRANIAL СР: CN: (3) - Cribriform plate NERVES SENSORY (8) CN - Sup. orbital fissure Optic (4) CP: (7) Accessory CP: Oculomotor (6) CP: CN: (5) (14) - Ant. condylar canalarrow_forwardA 50-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 1-month history of shaking of her right arm when writing or lifting a cup. Physical examination showscoarse action tremor of the right upper extremity that worsens as she approaches the target. This patient most likely has damage to which of the following components of the brain?A) CerebellumB) Internal capsuleC) Substantia nigraD) Subthalamic nucleusE) Supplementary motor cortexarrow_forwardMatch the Cranial nerve to its functions. a. Movement of neck and shoulders b. Swallowing, sense of taste, and saliva secretion c. Equilibrium and hearing d. Movement of tongue, swallowing, and speech e. Eye movement (including medial) f. Sense of smell g. Eyeball and eyelid movement h. Eye movement (including lateral) i. Smooth muscle sensory and motor control in throat, lungs, heart, and digestive system j. Vision k. Facial expressions and sense of taste I. Facial sensation and chewing 1. Olfactory nerve 2. Optic nerve 3. Oculomotor nerve 4. Trochlear nerve 5. Trigeminal nerve 6. Abducens nerve I a a a a a > < Based on the Functions Cranial Nerve Classification Based on the Origin Cranial Nerve Functions Applying Classroom Knowledge to Clinical Practicearrow_forward
- V. Triceps Jerk a Reflex that assesses the nervous tissue between (and including) the C6, C7, and C8 nerve roots. b. It can be elicited by supporting your partner's arm with the elbow flexed at a 90° angle, sharply striking the posterior surface of the upper arm approximately 2 inches above the olecranon (bony "tip" of the elbow). c. Normal response: The triceps should twitch, and the elbow should extend. Label the feedback mechanism for this reflex. THEREH Binepe Incepaarrow_forwardTed is a war veteran who was hit in the back with small pieces of shrapnel. His skin is numb in the center of his buttocks and along the entire posterior side of a lower limb, but there is no motor problem. Indicate which of the following choices is the most likely site of his nerve injury, and explain your choice: (a) a few dorsal roots of the cauda equina, (b) spinal cord transection at C6, (c) spinal cord transection at L5, (d) femoral nerve transected in the lumbar region.arrow_forward2(1) Answer these questions well detailed in paragraphs and explained please. A) What are the five sensory organs? B) What are the nerve centers? What is each person's role? C) What factors could disturb the nervous system?arrow_forward
- An upper motor neuron lesion in the lateral column (lateral corticospinal tract) can result in which of the following problems? Flaccid paralysis, contralateral Flaccid paralysis, ipsilateral Spastic paralysis, contralateral Spastic paralysis, ipsilateral A lower motor neuron lesion in the ventral horn can result in which of the following problems? Flaccid paralysis, contralateral Flaccid paralysis, ipsilateral Spastic paralysis, contralateral Spastic paralysis, ipsilateralarrow_forwardHypertonia of UMN lesions is characterized by :-a- increased inhibitory discharge from the premotor areab- inhibition of pontine reticular formationc- increased γ-motor neuron discharge d- decreased muscle spindle dischargearrow_forward1. A 50-year-old patient presents with a drooping left eyelid and the mouth sagging on the left side. The symptoms began that morning and the patient is worried they are having a stroke. The doctor diagnosed them with a viral infection that causes temporary facial paralysis and told the patient it should clear up in 3-5 weeks. What is the diagnosis and which cranial nerve is affected?arrow_forward
- Fundamentals of Sectional Anatomy: An Imaging App...BiologyISBN:9781133960867Author:Denise L. LazoPublisher:Cengage LearningAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168130Author:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark WomblePublisher:OpenStax College
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