Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The Lewis structure of Otezla needs to be completed.
Concept Introduction:
Lewis structure shows the arrangement of total number of valence electrons in a molecule. The electrons involved in bonding are known as bonding electrons and these are represented as bonds or line between two atoms (bonded together). On the other hand, electrons which are not involved in the bonding are known as lone pair of electrons. They are represented as dots (in pair) on symbol of an atom.
(a)

Explanation of Solution
The given structure is as follows:
Here, C, N, O and S atoms are present. The number of valence electrons of C, N, O and S atom is 4, 5, 6 and 6 respectively.
In the given molecule, C atom will form 4 covalent bonds so all its electrons will be represented as bond pairs, O atom will form 2 lone pair and 2 bond pair of electrons, S atom will have all the valence electrons involved in bonding and N atom will have 1 lone pair of electrons and 3 bond pairs.
The distribution of valence electrons is represented as follows:
Here, all the oxygen atoms will have 2 lone pair of electrons, N atom will have 1 lone pair of electrons and there will be no valence electrons on S atom.
(b)
Interpretation:In the structure of Otezla, the atom which is exception to octet rule needs to be identified.
Concept Introduction:
In the Lewis structure of a molecule, total number of valence electrons are distributed such that all the atoms have complete octets. In complete octet, atoms have 8 valance electrons in their outermost shell (except H which has 2 electrons).
(b)

Explanation of Solution
The complete Lewis structure of Otezla is as follows:
Here, all the valence electrons of C atoms are involved in bonding, oxygen atom has 2 lone pair of electrons and 2 bond pairs, N atom has 1 lone pair of electrons and 3 bond pairs. Thus, C, O and N atoms have complete octet. The only atom with exception to the octet rule is S. The total number of valence electrons on S atom is 6 thus, it can share 2 electrons with other atoms to complete the octet like O atom but, here S is involved in 2 double bonds with 2 O atoms and 2 single bonds with 2 C atom. The total number of electrons involved will be 12 which is exception to octet rule.
(c)
Interpretation: The valence-shell electron-pair repulsion model needs to be used to predict all the bond angles in Otezla.
Concept Introduction:
The valence-shell electron pair repulsion model is used to determine the hybridization, geometry and bond angles of central atoms in given structure.
To determine the hybridization, total number of bond pairs and lone pair of electrons are determined for a central atom. Depending on the total number of electron pair, hybridization is decided. Each hybridization corresponds to a geometry and respective bond angle.
(c)

Explanation of Solution
The complete Lewis structure of Otezla is as follows:
T
Here, the C atom with 4 single bonds is
All the bond angles are represented in Lewis structure as follows:
(d)
Interpretation: Whether Otezla is polar or non-polar needs to be explained.
Concept Introduction: In a molecule, if there is difference in electronegativity between atoms then it is said to be polar in nature. In other way, if polar bonds are present in the molecule, then it is considered as a polar molecule.
(d)

Explanation of Solution
A molecule is said to be polar if there are polar bonds present in it. A bond is said to be polar if there is difference in electronegativity value of two bonded atoms.
The given structure is as follows:
There is no electronegativity difference between C and H atom. The electronegative atoms in the above molecule are N, O and S atom.
Thus, N-C, N-H, C-O and C-S are polar bonds and molecule will be polar in nature.
(e)
Interpretation: The two resonance structures of Otezla needs to be drawn.
Concept Introduction: The resonance structures are possible in a molecule if there are lone pair of electrons and alternate pi bonds are present.
(e)

Explanation of Solution
The complete Lewis structure of Otezla is as follows:
Two resonance structures are as follows:
(f)
Interpretation: The molecular formula of Otezla needs to be determined.
Concept Introduction: The molecular formula of a molecule can be determined from its structure. Total number of atoms of same atoms can be determined from the structure and formula can be determined.
(f)

Explanation of Solution
The complete Lewis structure of Otezla is as follows:
In the above structure, there are C, H, N, O and S atoms. By calculating the total number of atoms in the molecule, molecular formula can be calculated.
The molecular formula of the molecule will be
(g)
Interpretation: The intermolecular forces present between Otezla molecules needs to be determined.
Concept Introduction: The intermolecular forces are type of interactions between the molecules. Non-polar molecules only have London dispersion forces and polar molecules can have other interactions as well like hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions, Van der Waals forces etc.
(g)

Explanation of Solution
The complete Lewis structure of Otezla is as follows:
Due to the presence of non-polar bonds, London dispersion forces are present in the molecules. Also due to N-H bond, hydrogen bonding is possible between the molecules.
(h)
Interpretation: The stereocenter of Otezla needs to be identified as R or S.
Concept Introduction:
The Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system is a set of rules that allows us to unambiguously define the stereochemical configuration of any stereocenter, using the designations 'R ' (from the Latin rectus, meaning right-handed) or ' S ' (from the Latin sinister, meaning left-handed).
In the first step, priority is given to 4 different groups attached to the stereocenter. The direction of 4th priority group should be away from the observer. In the second step, direction from 1 to 3 priority group is determined. If the direction is clockwise, the configuration will be R and if it is anticlockwise, the configuration will be S.
(h)

Explanation of Solution
The complete Lewis structure is represented as follows:
The stereocenter is point where 4 different substituents are present on a carbon atom. Molecules with stereocenter are known as chiral molecules.
The chiral center is labelled as follows:
The numbering according to priority rules will be:
The direction from 1 to 3 priority group is anticlockwise thus, the configuration is S.
(i)
Interpretation: The enantiomer of Otezla needs to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
The chirality in a group in a molecule results in the formation of two enantiomers. These enantiomers are non-superimposable mirror image of each other.
(i)

Explanation of Solution
The enantiomer of Otezla will be R configuration and it is represented as follows:
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 14 Solutions
Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
- If we have two compounds: acetone (CH3COCH3) and acetic acid (CH3COOH); if we apply heat (A), what product(s) are obtained?arrow_forwardQUESTION: Fill out the answers to the empty green boxes attached in the image. *Ensure you all incorporate all 27 values (per column)*arrow_forwardYou need to make a buffer by dissolving benzoic acid and sodium benzoate in water. What is the mass of benzoic acid that you would weigh out, in mg, to create 50 mL of a buffer at pH = 4.7 that will change pH no more than 0.10 units with the addition of 0.001 moles of acid or base? Enter just the answer without the units (mg) - just the number will do!arrow_forward
- Give the organic product: O A O B Ос ○ D -NH–CH3 + CH3 CH3 NEN C ? A CH3 CH3 NH- CH3 B CH3 CH3 N=N- C CH3 CH3 N=NNH CH3 D CH3 N=N CH3 NHCH3 LNH CHOarrow_forwardFinish the reaction- hand written pleasearrow_forwardGive the organic products: (benzyne) Br ? CH3 + K* :NH, liq NH3 HINT: Two products are formed. Each is a substituted aniline; they are isomers of each other. NH2 II I H₂N. CH3 CH3 III Select one: ○ A. I and II ○ B. I and III O C. I and IV O D. II and III O E. III and IV H₂N CH3 IV CH₂-NH2arrow_forward
- Predict the major products of this organic reaction: HBr (1 equiv) cold ? Some important notes: • Draw the major product, or products, of this reaction in the drawing area below. • You can draw the products in any arrangement you like. • Pay careful attention to the reaction conditions, and only include the major products. • Be sure to use wedge and dash bonds when necessary, for example to distinguish between major products that are enantiomers. • Note that there is only 1 equivalent of HBr reactant, so you need not consider the case of multiple additions. Erase something Explanation Check 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terarrow_forwardQ14. Fill this chart: (please refer to ppt notes/browser to answer these questions) What alcohol is also called wood alcohol? What is the common name of ethanol? Draw the structure of phenol and thiophene? Are bigger chain alcohol like heptanol and octanol are soluble or insoluble in water and explain it ? Are ethers soluble or insoluble in water? What suffix and prefix are used for alcohol while naming alcohol and ether? What the process called when we add water to any alkene to make alcohol? Q16. Draw the diagram of following aromatic compound (practice from previous module) Aniline Phenol Benzoic acid Methyl benzoate Q17. a. Write the oxidation reactions for the 2 propanol. b. Write the oxidation reaction of the ethanol.arrow_forwardQuestion 11 of 18 (1 point) Question Attempt: 3 of How many signals do you expect in the 'H NMR spectrum for this molecule? Br Br Write the answer below. Also, in each of the drawing areas below is a copy of the molecule, with Hs shown. In each copy, one of the H atoms is colored red. Highlight in red all other H atoms that would contribute to the same signal as the H already highlighted red. Note for advanced students: In this question, any multiplet is counted as one signal. Number of signals in the 'H NMR spectrum. 1 For the molecule in the top drawing area, highlight in red any other H atoms that will contribute to the same signal as the H atom already highlighted red. If no other H atoms will contribute, check the box at right. No additional Hs to color in top molecule Check For the molecule in the bottom drawing area, highlight in red any other H atoms that will contribute to the same signal as the H atom already highlighted red. If no other H atoms will contribute, check the box…arrow_forward
- Chemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage Learning





