Pearson eText Biology: Science for Life with Physiology -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780135214114
Author: Colleen Belk, Virginia Maier
Publisher: PEARSON+
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Chapter 14, Problem 2GFO
Scientists initially rejected the endosymbiotic theory, which is the hypothesis that eukaryotic cells evolved from a set of cooperating independent cells. Most biologists still believe that competition for
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How might an evolutionary biologist explain why a species of salamander becomes blind after colonizing a cave?
Group of answer choices
Members of the ancestral population that colonized the cave differed in their ability to see. If maintaining the ability to see in the cave was a waste of energy, blind salamanders might actually have more offspring than those who could see.
It is possible that in the cave there is a source of pollution that increases the mutation rate for a gene that makes salamanders blind. Over time, due to exposure to this chemical, the membersof the population lose their sight.
There is no way to explain this in terms of natural selection.
The members of this salamander species no longer needed to use their eyes. Over time, due to lack of use, they lost the ability to see.
A species is a group of individual organisms that interbreed and produce fertile, viable offspring. According to this definition, one species is distinguished from another when, in nature, it is not possible for matings between individuals from each species to produce fertile offspring. Evolution is an important mechanism in the formation of new species. The evolution of a new species requires several components including all, BUT
A) Evolution of a new species requires a long time.
B) Evolution of a new species requires the need for a genetic change.
C) Evolution of a new species requires a separation that prevents interbreeding.
D) Evolution of a new species requires mutations that produce new genetic traits.
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Intelligent design is the theory that life is too complex to have evolved randomly. The eye is often cited as an example, arguing that its complexity argues for the presence of a creator guiding its development. What use is half an eye or a partial wing? It is a popular idea because it does not deny the observable fact of evolution, while leaving room for the presence of God. Is intelligent design a viable scientific theory? Why or why not?
Chapter 14 Solutions
Pearson eText Biology: Science for Life with Physiology -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
Ch. 14 - How many different species have been identified by...Ch. 14 - Add labels to the figure that follows, which...Ch. 14 - How are hypotheses about the evolutionary...Ch. 14 - Which of the following kingdoms or domains is a...Ch. 14 - Comparisons of ribosomal RNA among many different...Ch. 14 - On examining cells under a microscope, you notice...Ch. 14 - The mitochondria in a eukaryotic cell ___________....Ch. 14 - Prob. 8LTBCh. 14 - Prob. 9LTBCh. 14 - Phylogenies are created based on the principle...
Ch. 14 - Unless handled properly by living systems, oxygen...Ch. 14 - Imagine you have found an organism that has never...Ch. 14 - Support for the endosymbiotic theory for the...Ch. 14 - Research a species of plant, animal, fungi, or...Ch. 14 - Scientists initially rejected the endosymbiotic...Ch. 14 - The science that you learned in this chapter has...
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- Although natural selection is sometimes called the survival of the fittest, it is ultimately a process of: a) differential reproduction b) differential consumption c) differential migration d) differential mutationarrow_forwardDuring a study session about evolution, one of your fellow students remarked “The giraffe stretched its neck while reaching for higher leaves; its offspring inherited longer necks as a result.” Which statement is MOST likely to be helpful in correcting this student’s misconception? Why? * No answer Disuse of an organ may lead to its eventual disappearance. Spontaneous mutations can result in the appearance of new traits. Only favorable adaptations have survival value. Characteristics acquired during an organism’s life are generally not passed on through genes.arrow_forwardWe often observe the evolutionary loss of “useless” organs, such as the eyes in many cave-dwelling animals. a) Provide two different hypotheses to explain this loss: an adaptive and a nonadaptive hypothesis. b) How might these hypotheses be tested? Describe what type of data you would need to collect, or potential experiments.arrow_forward
- . The images below show two separate theories of how organisms evolve. Which question below directly corresponds to whether Lamarck or Darwin are correct about their theories of the mechanisms of evolution? Why don’t the shorter neck giraffes feed on grasses and lower vegetation? How would the shorter necked giraffes in Lamarck’s theory survive to reproduce and pass on the “need” for longer necks if they were unable to reach food? Why won’t the taller necked giraffes in Darwin’s theory provide assistance to the shorter giraffes since they are the same species? Will the smaller giraffes be more adapted to hide from predators since they wouldn’t be visible from greater distances?arrow_forwardIn many ways, modern human lifestyles are at odds with our bipedal locomotion. At no point in history have humans been as inactive as today (especially in developing nations), which has led to a number of physical ailments, such as obesity, loss of mobility, and low back pain. What are some other impacts of evolution on our species? What are some ways we can alleviate these problems? You should include any recommended study tips, review videos, or other materials.arrow_forwardIn the early nineteenth century, the French scientist Georges Cuvier provided conclusive evidence of the extinction of species on Earth. Although Cuvier correctly asserted that a series of catastrophes led to these extinctions, he could not provide a testable explanation of the source of the new animals and plants that appeared after the extinction of older forms. How would you argue that modern evolutionary theory provides an explanation for the proliferation of new forms of life after mass extinctions?arrow_forward
- According to Darwin’s model of evolution, evolution can only occur if there is some variation present among the individual members of a population. Which statement best describes the source of this variation among members of a species? A) individuals will vary depending on geography and climate B) variation exists because not all genes will be expressed C) variation among individuals may arise as a result of mutations in the genetic code D) variation exists because different individuals will have different access to food and other resourcesarrow_forwardScenario C: Your Uncle raises beef cattle and is considering adding low amounts of antibiotics to their feed because he heard it makes them grow larger. Explain to him: The concept of using antibiotics for "essential use only." The process of natural selection. How low levels of antibiotics select for resistant bacteria. How these antibiotic resistant bacteria can then be harmful to not only cows, but also humans.arrow_forwardBacteria are better than elephants for experimental studies of evolution because: A) Bacteria evolve, but elephants do not B) We know much less about elephants than we do about bacteria, so it is harder to design experiments to study their evolution. C) Bacteria have much shorter life cycles than elephants, so we can study their evolution over thousands of generations during the lifetime of a single dons during the meattle of usands single scientist. scentist D) Bacteria are much lower on the tree of life than are elephants OE) Elephants have much less genetic variation than bacteriaarrow_forward
- Evolution is defined, in modern terms, as: Group of answer choices just a theory, which means it's not provable adaptation (learning to be a different way) just an hypothesis, which means we can prove it any measurable change in the overall genome (gene map) of a speciesarrow_forwardYour friend remarks, "The giraffe stretched its neck while reaching for higher leaves; as a result, its offspring inherited longer necks” Which statement is the best response to correct your friend’s misconception? Group of answer choices Overproduction of offspring leads to a struggle for survival. Disuse of an organ may lead to its eventual disappearance. Characteristics acquired during an organism's life are generally not passed on through genes to its offspring. Only favorable adaptations have survival value.arrow_forwardIn social insects, colonies often consist of a queen and workers. The workers are typicallydaughters of the queen. The queen is the only reproductive individual—the workers aresterile. a) According to Hamiton’s rule, what is the maximum ratio of cost to benefit (C/B) for theworkers in order for this system to evolve?b) Some colonies of ants have multiple queens, which can be related to different degrees.Imagine that two sisters start a colony, so that they are the mother or aunt to allworkers. What is the maximum ratio of cost to benefit (C/B) for the workers to sacrificefor their aunts?arrow_forward
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