Chapter 14, Problem 1CYR

Which of the following best describes the basic function of the autonomic nervous system?

a. Controls the somatic nervous system

b. Controls automatic functions to maintain homeostasis

c. Detects somatic sensory information

d. All of the above

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The nervous system is a network of nerves and cellsthat connects body parts to the brain and the spinal cord of humans. It is divided into two parts, which are the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). This PNS is further divided into the autonomic nervous system (ANS)and the somatic nervous system.

Answer to Problem 1CYR

Correct answer:

b. Controls automatic functions to maintain homeostasis.

Explanation of Solution

Justification/explanation for the correct answer:

Option (b) is given that control automatic functions to maintain homeostasis. The ANS controls the heart rate, blood pressure, digestive system, and urinary systems. These are all involuntary functions and are automatically regulated. The organs are regulated by visceral reflex arcs. All these processes are done in order to maintain homeostasis. Hence, option (b) is correct.

The explanation for the incorrect answer:

Option (a) is given that controls the somatic nervous system. The ANSdoes not control the somatic nervous system. The ANShelps in controlling involuntary actions whereas the somatic nervous system controls the voluntary actions in the human body. So, it is an incorrect option.

Option (c) is given that detects somatic sensory information. The somatic sensory information is of voluntary actions. The ANScontrols the involuntary actions of the human body. So, it is an incorrect option.

Option (d) is given that all of the above. The autonomic nervous system, or ANS, helps in controlling the automatic functions of the body so that homeostasis could be maintained. The rest of the functions, like detecting the somatic sensory information and controlling the somatic nervous system, are not associated with ANS. So, it is an incorrect option.

Hence, options (a), (c), and (d) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Thus, it can be concluded that the ANSis one of the parts of the PNS. It controls the involuntary actions of the human body, such asblood pressure, heart rate, urinary systems, and the digestive system. The organs are regulated by the visceral reflex arcs and to maintain homeostasis.