Chapter 14, Problem 16E

Identify each structural formula as belonging to an alkyl halide, alcohol, amine, carboxylic acid, ester, or amide.

1. (a) CH₃CH₂COOH
2. (b)
3. (c) CH₃CH₂ CH₂OH
4. (d) CH₃CH₂NH₂
5. (e) CF₃CF₃
6. (f)

To determine

The structural formula belongs to an alkyl halide, alcohol, amine, carboxylic acid, ester, or amide.

Answer to Problem 16E

The structurla formula belongs to carboxylic acid family. The structural formula of the compound is,

Explanation of Solution

The structural formula belongs to carboxylic acid family as it has $\text{COOH}$ functional group. The general molecular formula to write a carboxylic acid is $\text{R}-\text{COOH}$. The alkyl chain is written as $\text{R}$. The structural formula of compound is,

The structural formula of the compound has three carbon atoms longest chain which also includes $\text{COOH}$ group. The IUPAC name of this compound is propanoic acid.

Conclusion:

Therefore, structurla formula belongs to carboxylic acid family. The structural formula of the compound is,

To determine

The structural formula belongs to an alkyl halide, alcohol, amine, carboxylic acid, ester, or amide.

Answer to Problem 16E

The structurla formula belongs to an ester family. The structural formula of the compound is,

Explanation of Solution

Esters are the organic compounds which are formed by the reaction of alcohols and carboxylic acid reaction, this reaction is also known as esterification reaction. When an alcohol reacts with a carboxylic acid the nucleophilic substitution takes place. The reaction can be written as,

$\text{R}-\text{COOH + R'OH}\to \text{R}-\text{COO}-{\text{R' + H}}_2\text{O}$

The general molecular formula to identify an ester is $\text{R}-\text{COO}-\text{R'}$. Esters are known to have a very pleasant smell. The given structural formula belongs to an ester as it has $-\text{COO}-$ linkage and two alkyl chains, one is methyl and second that is linked to oxygen atom is ethyl.

The structural formula of the compound is,

Conclusion:

Therefore structurla formula belongs to an ester family. The structural formula of the compound is,

To determine

The structural formula belongs to an alkyl halide, alcohol, amine, carboxylic acid, ester, or amide.

Answer to Problem 16E

The structurla formula belongs to an alcohol family. The structural formula of the compound is

Explanation of Solution

Alcohols: The hydrocarbons in which hydrogen atom is replaced by hydroxy $\left(\text{OH}\right)$ group are known as alcohols. The general formula which is used to represent an alcohol is $\text{R}-\text{OH}$, $\text{R}$ is alkyl group or carbon chain to which hydroxyl group is attached.

Methanol is the first member of alcohol family it has ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}$ as alkyl group. The given compound has an alkyl chain of three carbon atoms and a hydroxyl group. The structural formula of the compound is

Therefore, this compound belongs to an alcohol family of organic compounds.

Conclusion:

Therefore structurla formula belongs to an alcohol family. The structural formula of the compound is

To determine

The structural formula belongs to an alkyl halide, alcohol, amine, carboxylic acid, ester, or amide.

Answer to Problem 16E

The structurla formula belongs to an amine family. The structural formula of the compound is

Explanation of Solution

A hydrocarbon in which hydrogen atom is replaced by ${\text{NH}}_{\text{2}}$ group is known as an amine. The general molecular formula to represent amines is written as, $\text{R}-{\text{NH}}_{\text{2}}$.

Here $\text{R}$ is the alkyl group to which ${\text{NH}}_{\text{2}}$ is attached. It can be methyl, ethyl, and higher alkyl groups. The given structural formula of the compound has ethyl alkyl chain and one ${\text{NH}}_{\text{2}}$ group. Amines are the organic compounds, which are well known for their bad odors.

Therefore, this given structural formula belongs to an amine family. The structure of the compound is,

Conclusion:

The structurla formula belongs to an amine family. The structural formula of the compound is

To determine

The structural formula belongs to an alkyl halide, alcohol, amine, carboxylic acid, ester, or amide.

Answer to Problem 16E

The structurla formula belongs to an alkyl halides family. The structural formula of the compound is

Explanation of Solution

Alkyl halides: When hydrogen atom is replaced by halogen atoms $\left(\text{F,Cl,Br,I}\right)$ then hydrocarbon derivatives are known as alkyl halides. The general formula to represent an alkyl halide is written as,

$\text{R}-\text{X}$

Here, $\text{R}$ is the alkyl group and halogen atoms are denoted by $\text{X}$, it can be any of the halogen atom $\text{F, Cl, Br and I}$. In the given structural formula all six hydrogen atoms of ethane, ${\text{C}}_2{\text{H}}_6$ are replaced by six fluorine atoms and molecular formula of the compound is ${\text{C}}_2{\text{F}}_6$. Therefore, this structural formula belongs to the alkyl halide family.

The structural formula of the compound is,

Conclusion:

Therefore, structurla formula belongs to an alkyl halides family. The structural formula of the compound is

To determine

The structural formula belongs to an alkyl halide, alcohol, amine, carboxylic acid, ester, or amide.

Answer to Problem 16E

The structurla formula belongs to an amide family of organic compounds.

The structural formula of the compound is

c

Explanation of Solution

Amides: These organic compounds are synthesized by the condensation reaction of carboxylic acids and amines. The functional group $\text{R}-\text{CO}-{\text{NH}}_{\text{2}}$ is known as amide.

A tertiary amine does not react with carboxylic acids; hence, no amide formation takes place. However, primary and secondary amines react with carboxylic acid and gives $\text{N-substituted}$ amides.

The given structural formula belongs to the class of amides, which is formed by the reaction of acetic acid with methyl amine. The structural formula of the compound is,

Conclusion:

Therefore, structurla formula belongs to an amide family of organic compounds. The structural formula of the compound is