The reason that fermentation cease when the supply of phosphate was exhausted. Introduction: In 1906, Young and Harden studied the fermentation of glucose to carbon dioxide and ethanol by extracts of brewer’s yeast. They made the following observations: (1) Inorganic phosphate was necessary for fermentation, when the phosphate supply was exhausted, fermentation ceased before all glucose was used. (2) During fermentation ethanol, a hexose bisphosphate and carbon dioxide accumulated. (3) When arsenate was substituted for phosphate, there was no accumulation of hexose bisphosphate, but the fermentation proceeds until the conversion of whole glucose into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 15P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason that fermentation cease when the supply of phosphate was exhausted.

Introduction:

In 1906, Young and Harden studied the fermentation of glucose to carbon dioxide and ethanol by extracts of brewer’s yeast. They made the following observations: (1) Inorganic phosphate was necessary for fermentation, when the phosphate supply was exhausted, fermentation ceased before all glucose was used. (2) During fermentation ethanol, a hexose bisphosphate and carbon dioxide accumulated. (3) When arsenate was substituted for phosphate, there was no accumulation of hexose bisphosphate, but the fermentation proceeds until the conversion of whole glucose into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

(b1)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for accumulation of ethanol and CO₂.

Introduction:

Fermentation is a chemical process in which glucose is broken down into ethanol or lactic acid. This process occurs anaerobically. It is carried out by yeast or other microorganism.

(b2)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the conversion of pyruvate to ethanol and CO₂ essential.

Introduction:

Fermentation is a chemical process in which glucose is broken down into ethanol or lactic acid. This process occurs anaerobically. It is carried out by yeast or other microorganism.

(b3)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The hexose bisphosphate that get accumulated.

Introduction:

In 1906, Young and Harden studied the fermentation of glucose to carbon dioxide and ethanol by extracts of brewer’s yeast. They made certain observations.

(b4)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for accumulation of hexose bisphosphate.

Introduction:

In 1906, Young and Harden studied the fermentation of glucose to carbon dioxide and ethanol by extracts of brewer’s yeast. They made certain observations.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for the substitution of arsenate for phosphate that prevents the accumulation of the hexose bisphosphate yet allows fermentation to ethanol and carbon dioxide to go to completion.

Introduction:

Fermentation is a chemical process in which glucose is broken down into ethanol or lactic acid. This process occurs anaerobically. It is carried out by yeast or other microorganism.

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For a Michaelis-Menten reaction, k₁-5 x 10'/M-s, k.-2 x 10%/s, and k₂-4 x 10²/s. a) Calculate the Ks and KM for this reaction. b) Does substrate binding achieve equilibrium or steady state?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 15P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason that fermentation cease when the supply of phosphate was exhausted.

Introduction:

In 1906, Young and Harden studied the fermentation of glucose to carbon dioxide and ethanol by extracts of brewer’s yeast. They made the following observations: (1) Inorganic phosphate was necessary for fermentation, when the phosphate supply was exhausted, fermentation ceased before all glucose was used. (2) During fermentation ethanol, a hexose bisphosphate and carbon dioxide accumulated. (3) When arsenate was substituted for phosphate, there was no accumulation of hexose bisphosphate, but the fermentation proceeds until the conversion of whole glucose into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

(b1)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for accumulation of ethanol and CO₂.

Introduction:

Fermentation is a chemical process in which glucose is broken down into ethanol or lactic acid. This process occurs anaerobically. It is carried out by yeast or other microorganism.

(b2)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the conversion of pyruvate to ethanol and CO₂ essential.

Introduction:

Fermentation is a chemical process in which glucose is broken down into ethanol or lactic acid. This process occurs anaerobically. It is carried out by yeast or other microorganism.

(b3)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The hexose bisphosphate that get accumulated.

Introduction:

In 1906, Young and Harden studied the fermentation of glucose to carbon dioxide and ethanol by extracts of brewer’s yeast. They made certain observations.

(b4)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for accumulation of hexose bisphosphate.

Introduction:

In 1906, Young and Harden studied the fermentation of glucose to carbon dioxide and ethanol by extracts of brewer’s yeast. They made certain observations.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for the substitution of arsenate for phosphate that prevents the accumulation of the hexose bisphosphate yet allows fermentation to ethanol and carbon dioxide to go to completion.

Introduction:

Fermentation is a chemical process in which glucose is broken down into ethanol or lactic acid. This process occurs anaerobically. It is carried out by yeast or other microorganism.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 15P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason that fermentation cease when the supply of phosphate was exhausted.

Introduction:

In 1906, Young and Harden studied the fermentation of glucose to carbon dioxide and ethanol by extracts of brewer’s yeast. They made the following observations: (1) Inorganic phosphate was necessary for fermentation, when the phosphate supply was exhausted, fermentation ceased before all glucose was used. (2) During fermentation ethanol, a hexose bisphosphate and carbon dioxide accumulated. (3) When arsenate was substituted for phosphate, there was no accumulation of hexose bisphosphate, but the fermentation proceeds until the conversion of whole glucose into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

(b1)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for accumulation of ethanol and CO₂.

Introduction:

Fermentation is a chemical process in which glucose is broken down into ethanol or lactic acid. This process occurs anaerobically. It is carried out by yeast or other microorganism.

(b2)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the conversion of pyruvate to ethanol and CO₂ essential.

Introduction:

Fermentation is a chemical process in which glucose is broken down into ethanol or lactic acid. This process occurs anaerobically. It is carried out by yeast or other microorganism.

(b3)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The hexose bisphosphate that get accumulated.

Introduction:

In 1906, Young and Harden studied the fermentation of glucose to carbon dioxide and ethanol by extracts of brewer’s yeast. They made certain observations.

(b4)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for accumulation of hexose bisphosphate.

Introduction:

In 1906, Young and Harden studied the fermentation of glucose to carbon dioxide and ethanol by extracts of brewer’s yeast. They made certain observations.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for the substitution of arsenate for phosphate that prevents the accumulation of the hexose bisphosphate yet allows fermentation to ethanol and carbon dioxide to go to completion.

Introduction:

Fermentation is a chemical process in which glucose is broken down into ethanol or lactic acid. This process occurs anaerobically. It is carried out by yeast or other microorganism.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 15P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason that fermentation cease when the supply of phosphate was exhausted.

Introduction:

In 1906, Young and Harden studied the fermentation of glucose to carbon dioxide and ethanol by extracts of brewer’s yeast. They made the following observations: (1) Inorganic phosphate was necessary for fermentation, when the phosphate supply was exhausted, fermentation ceased before all glucose was used. (2) During fermentation ethanol, a hexose bisphosphate and carbon dioxide accumulated. (3) When arsenate was substituted for phosphate, there was no accumulation of hexose bisphosphate, but the fermentation proceeds until the conversion of whole glucose into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

(b1)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for accumulation of ethanol and CO₂.

Introduction:

Fermentation is a chemical process in which glucose is broken down into ethanol or lactic acid. This process occurs anaerobically. It is carried out by yeast or other microorganism.

(b2)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the conversion of pyruvate to ethanol and CO₂ essential.

Introduction:

Fermentation is a chemical process in which glucose is broken down into ethanol or lactic acid. This process occurs anaerobically. It is carried out by yeast or other microorganism.

(b3)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The hexose bisphosphate that get accumulated.

Introduction:

In 1906, Young and Harden studied the fermentation of glucose to carbon dioxide and ethanol by extracts of brewer’s yeast. They made certain observations.

(b4)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for accumulation of hexose bisphosphate.

Introduction:

In 1906, Young and Harden studied the fermentation of glucose to carbon dioxide and ethanol by extracts of brewer’s yeast. They made certain observations.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for the substitution of arsenate for phosphate that prevents the accumulation of the hexose bisphosphate yet allows fermentation to ethanol and carbon dioxide to go to completion.

Introduction:

Fermentation is a chemical process in which glucose is broken down into ethanol or lactic acid. This process occurs anaerobically. It is carried out by yeast or other microorganism.

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Answer 5

Chapter 14, Problem 15P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason that fermentation cease when the supply of phosphate was exhausted.

Introduction:

In 1906, Young and Harden studied the fermentation of glucose to carbon dioxide and ethanol by extracts of brewer’s yeast. They made the following observations: (1) Inorganic phosphate was necessary for fermentation, when the phosphate supply was exhausted, fermentation ceased before all glucose was used. (2) During fermentation ethanol, a hexose bisphosphate and carbon dioxide accumulated. (3) When arsenate was substituted for phosphate, there was no accumulation of hexose bisphosphate, but the fermentation proceeds until the conversion of whole glucose into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

(b1)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for accumulation of ethanol and CO₂.

Introduction:

Fermentation is a chemical process in which glucose is broken down into ethanol or lactic acid. This process occurs anaerobically. It is carried out by yeast or other microorganism.

(b2)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the conversion of pyruvate to ethanol and CO₂ essential.

Introduction:

Fermentation is a chemical process in which glucose is broken down into ethanol or lactic acid. This process occurs anaerobically. It is carried out by yeast or other microorganism.

(b3)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The hexose bisphosphate that get accumulated.

Introduction:

In 1906, Young and Harden studied the fermentation of glucose to carbon dioxide and ethanol by extracts of brewer’s yeast. They made certain observations.

(b4)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for accumulation of hexose bisphosphate.

Introduction:

In 1906, Young and Harden studied the fermentation of glucose to carbon dioxide and ethanol by extracts of brewer’s yeast. They made certain observations.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for the substitution of arsenate for phosphate that prevents the accumulation of the hexose bisphosphate yet allows fermentation to ethanol and carbon dioxide to go to completion.

Introduction:

Fermentation is a chemical process in which glucose is broken down into ethanol or lactic acid. This process occurs anaerobically. It is carried out by yeast or other microorganism.

Answer 6

Chapter 14, Problem 15P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason that fermentation cease when the supply of phosphate was exhausted.

Introduction:

In 1906, Young and Harden studied the fermentation of glucose to carbon dioxide and ethanol by extracts of brewer’s yeast. They made the following observations: (1) Inorganic phosphate was necessary for fermentation, when the phosphate supply was exhausted, fermentation ceased before all glucose was used. (2) During fermentation ethanol, a hexose bisphosphate and carbon dioxide accumulated. (3) When arsenate was substituted for phosphate, there was no accumulation of hexose bisphosphate, but the fermentation proceeds until the conversion of whole glucose into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

Answer 7

Chapter 14, Problem 15P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason that fermentation cease when the supply of phosphate was exhausted.

Introduction:

In 1906, Young and Harden studied the fermentation of glucose to carbon dioxide and ethanol by extracts of brewer’s yeast. They made the following observations: (1) Inorganic phosphate was necessary for fermentation, when the phosphate supply was exhausted, fermentation ceased before all glucose was used. (2) During fermentation ethanol, a hexose bisphosphate and carbon dioxide accumulated. (3) When arsenate was substituted for phosphate, there was no accumulation of hexose bisphosphate, but the fermentation proceeds until the conversion of whole glucose into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

Answer 8

(b1)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for accumulation of ethanol and CO₂.

Introduction:

Fermentation is a chemical process in which glucose is broken down into ethanol or lactic acid. This process occurs anaerobically. It is carried out by yeast or other microorganism.

Answer 9

(b1)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for accumulation of ethanol and CO₂.

Introduction:

Fermentation is a chemical process in which glucose is broken down into ethanol or lactic acid. This process occurs anaerobically. It is carried out by yeast or other microorganism.

Answer 10

(b2)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the conversion of pyruvate to ethanol and CO₂ essential.

Introduction:

Fermentation is a chemical process in which glucose is broken down into ethanol or lactic acid. This process occurs anaerobically. It is carried out by yeast or other microorganism.

Answer 11

(b2)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the conversion of pyruvate to ethanol and CO₂ essential.

Introduction:

Fermentation is a chemical process in which glucose is broken down into ethanol or lactic acid. This process occurs anaerobically. It is carried out by yeast or other microorganism.

Answer 12

(b3)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The hexose bisphosphate that get accumulated.

Introduction:

In 1906, Young and Harden studied the fermentation of glucose to carbon dioxide and ethanol by extracts of brewer’s yeast. They made certain observations.

Answer 13

(b3)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The hexose bisphosphate that get accumulated.

Introduction:

In 1906, Young and Harden studied the fermentation of glucose to carbon dioxide and ethanol by extracts of brewer’s yeast. They made certain observations.

Answer 14

(b4)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for accumulation of hexose bisphosphate.

Introduction:

In 1906, Young and Harden studied the fermentation of glucose to carbon dioxide and ethanol by extracts of brewer’s yeast. They made certain observations.

Answer 15

(b4)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for accumulation of hexose bisphosphate.

Introduction:

In 1906, Young and Harden studied the fermentation of glucose to carbon dioxide and ethanol by extracts of brewer’s yeast. They made certain observations.

Answer 16

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for the substitution of arsenate for phosphate that prevents the accumulation of the hexose bisphosphate yet allows fermentation to ethanol and carbon dioxide to go to completion.

Introduction:

Fermentation is a chemical process in which glucose is broken down into ethanol or lactic acid. This process occurs anaerobically. It is carried out by yeast or other microorganism.

Answer 17

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for the substitution of arsenate for phosphate that prevents the accumulation of the hexose bisphosphate yet allows fermentation to ethanol and carbon dioxide to go to completion.

Introduction:

Fermentation is a chemical process in which glucose is broken down into ethanol or lactic acid. This process occurs anaerobically. It is carried out by yeast or other microorganism.

Answer 18

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Answer 19

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Answer 20

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Answer 21

Ch. 14 - Prob. 1P Ch. 14 - Prob. 2P Ch. 14 - Prob. 3P Ch. 14 - Prob. 4P Ch. 14 - Prob. 5P Ch. 14 - Prob. 6P Ch. 14 - Prob. 7P Ch. 14 - Prob. 8P Ch. 14 - Prob. 9P Ch. 14 - Prob. 10P

To determine: The reason for accumulation of ethanol and CO2. Introduction: Fermentation is a chemical process in which glucose is broken down into ethanol or lactic acid. This process occurs anaerobically. It is carried out by yeast or other microorganism.

To determine: Whether the conversion of pyruvate to ethanol and CO2 essential. Introduction: Fermentation is a chemical process in which glucose is broken down into ethanol or lactic acid. This process occurs anaerobically. It is carried out by yeast or other microorganism.

To determine: The hexose bisphosphate that get accumulated. Introduction: In 1906, Young and Harden studied the fermentation of glucose to carbon dioxide and ethanol by extracts of brewer’s yeast. They made certain observations.

To determine: The reason for accumulation of hexose bisphosphate. Introduction: In 1906, Young and Harden studied the fermentation of glucose to carbon dioxide and ethanol by extracts of brewer’s yeast. They made certain observations.

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Chapter 14 Solutions

To determine: The reason for accumulation of ethanol and CO₂.

Introduction:

Fermentation is a chemical process in which glucose is broken down into ethanol or lactic acid. This process occurs anaerobically. It is carried out by yeast or other microorganism.

To determine: Whether the conversion of pyruvate to ethanol and CO₂ essential.

Introduction:

Fermentation is a chemical process in which glucose is broken down into ethanol or lactic acid. This process occurs anaerobically. It is carried out by yeast or other microorganism.

To determine: The hexose bisphosphate that get accumulated.

Introduction:

In 1906, Young and Harden studied the fermentation of glucose to carbon dioxide and ethanol by extracts of brewer’s yeast. They made certain observations.

To determine: The reason for accumulation of hexose bisphosphate.

Introduction:

In 1906, Young and Harden studied the fermentation of glucose to carbon dioxide and ethanol by extracts of brewer’s yeast. They made certain observations.