The protein (P) gives a three type of cluster and what mass-charge values do these clusters appear in the mass spectrum, the correct reason has to be explained with the given molecular mass values. Concept Introduction: Electrospray ionization (ESI): • This technique used in mass spectrometry to produced different ions. • It is especially useful in producing ions from macromolecules because it overcomes the propensity of these molecules to fragment when ionized. • The primary ion source used in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, because it is liquid-gas interface that is capable of coupling liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Mass spectrum: It generates multiple ions from the sample under investigation, it than separates them according to their specific mass to charge ration ( m / z ) and records the relative abundance (RA) of each ion types. M → electron beam M + . + e - [Molecule] Molecular ion electron [ Radical cation ]

Question

The table includes macrostates characterized by 4 energy levels (&) that are equally spaced but with different degrees of occupation. a) Calculate the energy of all the macrostates (in joules). See if they all have the same energy and number of particles. b) Calculate the macrostate that is most likely to exist. For this macrostate, show that the population of the levels is consistent with the Boltzmann distribution. macrostate 1 macrostate 2 macrostate 3 ε/k (K) Populations Populations Populations 300 5 3 4 200 7 9 8 100 15 17 16 0 33 31 32 DATO: k = 1,38×10-23 J K-1

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 14.38P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The protein (P) gives a three type of cluster and what mass-charge values do these clusters appear in the mass spectrum, the correct reason has to be explained with the given molecular mass values.

Concept Introduction:

Electrospray ionization (ESI):

• This technique used in mass spectrometry to produced different ions.

• It is especially useful in producing ions from macromolecules because it overcomes the propensity of these molecules to fragment when ionized.

• The primary ion source used in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, because it is liquid-gas interface that is capable of coupling liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry.

Mass spectrum: It generates multiple ions from the sample under investigation, it than separates them according to their specific mass to charge ration (m/z) and records the relative abundance (RA) of each ion types.

M →electron beam M+. + e-[Molecule] Molecular ion electron [Radical cation]

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The table includes macrostates characterized by 4 energy levels (&) that are equally spaced but with different degrees of occupation. a) Calculate the energy of all the macrostates (in joules). See if they all have the same energy and number of particles. b) Calculate the macrostate that is most likely to exist. For this macrostate, show that the population of the levels is consistent with the Boltzmann distribution. macrostate 1 macrostate 2 macrostate 3 ε/k (K) Populations Populations Populations 300 5 3 4 200 7 9 8 100 15 17 16 0 33 31 32 DATO: k = 1,38×10-23 J K-1

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