Chemistry Atoms First, Second Edition
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781308211657
Author: Burdge
Publisher: McGraw Hill
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Chapter 14, Problem 14.37QP
Certain bacteria in the soil obtain the necessary energy for growth by oxidizing nitrites to nitrates.
2NO2− + O2 → 2NO3−
Given that the standard Gibbs free energies of formation of NO2−and NO3− are −34.6 and −110.5 kJ/mol. respectively, calculate the amount of Gibbs free energy released when 1 mole of NO2− is oxidized to 1 mole of NO3−.
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Chapter 14 Solutions
Chemistry Atoms First, Second Edition
Ch. 14.3 - Determine the change in entropy for 1.0 mole of an...Ch. 14.3 - Determine the change in entropy (Ssys) for the...Ch. 14.3 - To what fraction of its original volume must a...Ch. 14.3 - From the standard entropy values in Appendix 2,...Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 2PPACh. 14.3 - In each of the following reactions, there is one...Ch. 14.3 - For each reaction shown in the diagrams, indicate...Ch. 14.3 - For each process, determine the sign of S for the...Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 3PPACh. 14.3 - Make a qualitative prediction of the sign of Hsoln...
Ch. 14.3 - Consider the gas-phase reaction of A2 (blue) and...Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 14.3.1SRCh. 14.3 - Prob. 14.3.2SRCh. 14.3 - Prob. 14.3.3SRCh. 14.4 - Determine if each of the following is a...Ch. 14.4 - For each of the following, calculate Suniv and...Ch. 14.4 - (a) Calculate Suniv and determine if the reaction...Ch. 14.4 - The following table shows the signs of Ssys,...Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 14.4.1SRCh. 14.4 - Prob. 14.4.2SRCh. 14.4 - Prob. 14.4.3SRCh. 14.5 - According to Table 14 4, a reaction will be...Ch. 14.5 - A reaction will be spontaneous only at low...Ch. 14.5 - Given that the reaction 4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) + 6H2O(l) ...Ch. 14.5 - Prob. 5PPCCh. 14.5 - Prob. 14.6WECh. 14.5 - Prob. 6PPACh. 14.5 - For each reaction, determine the value of Gf that...Ch. 14.5 - Prob. 6PPCCh. 14.5 - Prob. 14.7WECh. 14.5 - Prob. 7PPACh. 14.5 - Prob. 7PPBCh. 14.5 - Prob. 7PPCCh. 14.5 - Prob. 14.5.1SRCh. 14.5 - Prob. 14.5.2SRCh. 14.5 - Prob. 14.5.3SRCh. 14 - Explain what is meant by a spontaneous process....Ch. 14 - Which of the following processes are spontaneous...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.3QPCh. 14 - Prob. 14.4QPCh. 14 - Prob. 14.5QPCh. 14 - Prob. 14.6QPCh. 14 - Prob. 14.7QPCh. 14 - Consider two gas samples at STP: one consisting of...Ch. 14 - Now consider the reaction F2(g)2F(g)at constant...Ch. 14 - Which of the following best describes why entropy...Ch. 14 - Which of the following best explains why entropy...Ch. 14 - How does the entropy of a system change for each...Ch. 14 - How does the entropy of a system change for each...Ch. 14 - Predict whether the entropy change is positive or...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.11QPCh. 14 - Prob. 14.12QPCh. 14 - Prob. 14.13QPCh. 14 - Using the data in Appendix 2, calculate the...Ch. 14 - Using the data in Appendix 2, calculate the...Ch. 14 - For each pair of substances listed here, choose...Ch. 14 - Arrange the following substances (1 mole each) in...Ch. 14 - State the second law of thermodynamics in words,...Ch. 14 - State the third law of thermodynamics in words,...Ch. 14 - Calculate Ssurr for each of the reactions in...Ch. 14 - Calculate Ssurr for each of the reactions in...Ch. 14 - Using data from Appendix 2, calculate Srxn and...Ch. 14 - Using data from Appendix 2, calculate Srxn and...Ch. 14 - When a folded protein in solution is heated to a...Ch. 14 - Define free energy. What are its units?Ch. 14 - Why is it more convenient to predict the direction...Ch. 14 - What is the significance of the sign of Gsys?Ch. 14 - From the following combinations of H and S,...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.29QPCh. 14 - Calculate G for the following reactions at 25C....Ch. 14 - Calculate G for the following reactions at 25C....Ch. 14 - From the values of H and S, predict which of the...Ch. 14 - Find the temperatures at which reactions with the...Ch. 14 - The molar heats of fusion and vaporization of...Ch. 14 - The molar heats of fusion and vaporization of...Ch. 14 - Use the values listed in Appendix 2 to calculate G...Ch. 14 - Certain bacteria in the soil obtain the necessary...Ch. 14 - What is a coupled reaction? What is its importance...Ch. 14 - What is the role of ATP in biological reactions?Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.40QPCh. 14 - Predict the signs of H, S, and G of the system for...Ch. 14 - A student placed 1 g of each of three compounds A,...Ch. 14 - The enthalpy change in the denaturation of a...Ch. 14 - Consider the following facts: Water freezes...Ch. 14 - Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) dissolves spontaneously...Ch. 14 - The standard enthalpy of formation and the...Ch. 14 - (a) Troutons rule states that the ratio of the...Ch. 14 - Referring to Problem 14.47, explain why the ratio...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.49QPCh. 14 - Prob. 14.50QPCh. 14 - Prob. 14.51QPCh. 14 - Prob. 14.52QPCh. 14 - Prob. 14.53QPCh. 14 - The molar heat of vaporization of ethanol is 39 3...Ch. 14 - As an approximation, we can assume that proteins...Ch. 14 - When a native protein in solution is heated to a...Ch. 14 - A 74.6-g ice cube floats in the Arctic Sea. The...Ch. 14 - A reaction for which H and S are both negative is...Ch. 14 - The sublimation of carbon dioxide at 78C is given...Ch. 14 - Many hydrocarbons exist as structural isomers,...Ch. 14 - Consider the following reaction at 298 K. 2H2(s) +...Ch. 14 - Which of the following is not accompanied by an...Ch. 14 - Which of the following are not state functions: S,...Ch. 14 - Give a detailed example of each of the following,...Ch. 14 - Hydrogenation reactions (e.g., the process of...Ch. 14 - At 0 K. the entropy of carbon monoxide crystal is...Ch. 14 - Which of the following thermodynamic functions are...Ch. 14 - Using Gf values from Appendix 2, calculate the...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.2KSPCh. 14 - Using Grxnvalues from Appendix 2, calculate the...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.4KSP
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- > Can the molecule on the right-hand side of this organic reaction be made in good yield from no more than two reactants, in one step, by moderately heating the reactants? esc ? A O O •If your answer is yes, then draw the reactant or reactants in the drawing area below. You can draw the reactants in any arrangement you like. • If your answer is no, check the box under the drawing area instead. olo 18 Ar Explanation Check BB Click and drag to start drawing a structure. 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center Accessibilityarrow_forwardName the structurearrow_forward> For each pair of substrates below, choose the one that will react faster in a substitution reaction, assuming that: 1. the rate of substitution doesn't depend on nucleophile concentration and 2. the products are a roughly 50/50 mixture of enantiomers. Substrate A Substrate B Faster Rate X CI (Choose one) (Choose one) CI Br Explanation Check Br (Choose one) C 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy A F10arrow_forward
- How to draw this mechanism for the foloowing reaction in the foto. thank youarrow_forwardPredict the major products of the following organic reaction: Some important notes: CN A? • Draw the major product, or products, of the reaction in the drawing area below. • If there aren't any products, because no reaction will take place, check the box below the drawing area instead. • Be sure to use wedge and dash bonds when necessary, for example to distinguish between major products that are enantiomers. No reaction. Explanation Check Click and drag to start drawing a structure. 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use Privacy Centerarrow_forwardDraw the major product of the following reaction. Do not draw inorganic byproducts. H3PO4 OHarrow_forward
- Predict the major products of this organic reaction: HBr (1 equiv) Δ ? Some important notes: • Draw the major product, or products, of this reaction in the drawing area below. • You can draw the products in any arrangement you like. • Pay careful attention to the reaction conditions, and only include the major products. • Be sure to use wedge and dash bonds when necessary, for example to distinguish between major products that are enantiomers. • Note that there is only 1 equivalent of HBr reactant, so you need not consider the case of multiple additions. Explanation Check X ©2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacyarrow_forwardFor the structure below, draw the resonance structure that is indicated by the curved arrow(s). Be sure to include formal charges. :ÖH Modify the second structure given to draw the new resonance structure. Include lone pairs and charges in your structure. Use the + and - tools to add/remove charges to an atom, and use the single bond tool to add/remove double bonds.arrow_forwardUsing the table of Reactants and Products provided in the Hints section, provide the major product (with the correct stereochemistry when applicable) for questions below by selecting the letter that corresponds to the exact chemical structures for the possible product. OH conc Hydrochloric acid 40°C Temp A/arrow_forward
- Using arrows to designate the flow of electrons, complete the reaction below and provide a detailed mechanism for the formation of the product OH conc Hydrochloric acid 40°C Temp All chemical structures should be hand drawn on a piece of paper Paragraph BI UAE +varrow_forwarddraw out the following structures plesearrow_forwardDraw everything on a piece of paper outlining the synthesis from acetaldehyde to 2 cyclopentene carboxaldehyde using carbon based reagants with 3 carbons or fewers. Here is the attached image.arrow_forward
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