Chemistry for Engineering Students
Chemistry for Engineering Students
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781337398909
Author: Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 14, Problem 14.33PAE
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To write an equation for each step in this series.

α, β--,α, α, α, α, β--

Concept introduction:

Isotopes:

These are the atoms of the similar element which contains the different number of neutrons and same number of protons.

For example:

Isotopes of  Carbon612C    613C     6 14C

Isotopes of atoms with unstable nuclei are called radioisotopes.

Radioactive decay: Unstable isotopes release particles and produce energy to become stable isotopes.

An element undergoes radioactive decay process it changes into a different isotope of the similar element or into an entirely different element after radioactive decay.

Alpha decay ( α): Nucleus emits an alpha particle containing two protons and two neutrons (helium nucleus. Transformation occurs as a nucleus has four less particles.\

For example:

64149Gd  62145Sm + 24He

Beta Decay ( β):

A state where the nucleus of an atom has too many neutrons. The neutron transforms into a proton and an electron is released from the nucleus.

614C     714N + -10e

Two types of β decays occur.

In beta −minus decay, a neutron first breaks down into an electron and proton. After that, the electron is emitted from the nucleus, whereas the proton stays inside the nucleus. The resulting nucleus has one more proton and one less neutron.

In beta −plus decay, a proton first breaks down into a neutron and a positron. After that, the positron is emitted from the nucleus and the neutron stays inside the nucleus, the resulting nucleus has one less proton and one more neutron.

Expert Solution & Answer
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 14.33PAE

Solution: The sequence of α, β--,α, α, α, α, β-- radioactive decay of 232Th is as follows.

α:90232Th   88228Ra+24Heβ-:88228Ra 89228Ac+-10β+ν¯β-:89238Ac 90228Th+-10β+ν¯α:90228Th  88224Ra+24Heα:88224Ra 86220Rn+24Heα:86220Rn 84216Po+24Heα:84216Po 82212Pb+24Heβ-:82212Pb 83212Bi+-10β+ν¯β-:83212Bi 84212Po+-10β+ν¯α:84212Po 82208Pb+24He

Explanation of Solution

The 232Th radioactive series beginning with 232Th and ending with 208Pb.

The sequence occurs as follows.

α, β--,α, α, α, α, β--

The radioactive decay series is as follows.

α:90232Th   88228Ra+24Heβ-:88228Ra 89228Ac+-10β+ν¯β-:89238Ac 90228Th+-10β+ν¯α:90228Th  88224Ra+24Heα:88224Ra 86220Rn+24Heα:86220Rn 84216Po+24Heα:84216Po 82212Pb+24Heβ-:82212Pb 83212Bi+-10β+ν¯β-:83212Bi 84212Po+-10β+ν¯α:84212Po 82208Pb+24He

Conclusion

The 232Th radioactive series beginning with 232Th and ending with 208Pb.

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Chapter 14 Solutions

Chemistry for Engineering Students

Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.1PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.2PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.3PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.4PAECh. 14 - (a) How does 14C enter a living plant? (b) Write...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.6PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.7PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.8PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.9PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.10PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.11PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.12PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.13PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.14PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.15PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.16PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.17PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.18PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.19PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.20PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.21PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.22PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.23PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.24PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.25PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.26PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.27PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.28PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.29PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.30PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.31PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.32PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.33PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.34PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.35PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.36PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.37PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.38PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.39PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.40PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.41PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.42PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.43PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.44PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.45PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.46PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.47PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.48PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.49PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.50PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.51PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.52PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.53PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.54PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.55PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.56PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.57PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.58PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.59PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.60PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.61PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.62PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.63PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.64PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.65PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.66PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.67PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.68PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.69PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.70PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.71PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.72PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.73PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.74PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.75PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.76PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.77PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.78PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.79PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.80PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.81PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.82PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.83PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.84PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.85PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.86PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.87PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.88PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.89PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.90PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.91PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.92PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.93PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.94PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.95PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.96PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.97PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.98PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.99PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.100PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.101PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.102PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.103PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.104PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.105PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.106PAECh. 14 - Prob. 14.107PAE
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