
Using data from Appendix 2, calculate ΔS°rxn and ΔSsurr for each of the reactions in Problem 14.11 and determine if each reaction is spontaneous at 25°C.
(a)

Interpretation:
The standard entropy change of the reaction
Concept introduction:
Entropy is the measure of randomness in the system. Standard entropy change in a reaction is the difference in entropy of the products and reactants.
Where,
Standard entropy change in a reaction and entropy change in the system are same. Enthalpy is the amount energy absorbed or released in a process.
The enthalpy change in a system
Where,
Standard enthalpy change in a reaction and entropy change in the system are same.
Using the value for the change in enthalpy in a system and the temperature, we can calculate
The summation of the change in entropy of the system and surroundings will give the value for the change in enthalpy in the universe(
Answer to Problem 14.23QP
The standard entropy of formation,
The entropy of surroundings,
The given reaction is spontaneous
Explanation of Solution
Given,
To calculate
The
To calculate
The
To calculate
To calculate
Since ,
(b)

Interpretation:
The standard entropy change of the reaction
Concept introduction:
Entropy is the measure of randomness in the system. Standard entropy change in a reaction is the difference in entropy of the products and reactants.
Where,
Standard entropy change in a reaction and entropy change in the system are same. Enthalpy is the amount energy absorbed or released in a process.
The enthalpy change in a system
Where,
Standard enthalpy change in a reaction and entropy change in the system are same.
Using the value for the change in enthalpy in a system and the temperature, we can calculate
The summation of the change in entropy of the system and surroundings will give the value for the change in enthalpy in the universe(
Answer to Problem 14.23QP
The standard entropy of formation,
The entropy of surroundings,
The given reaction is non-spontaneous
Explanation of Solution
Given,
To calculate
The
To calculate
The
To calculate
To calculate
Since,
(c)

Interpretation:
The standard entropy change of the reaction
Concept introduction:
Entropy is the measure of randomness in the system. Standard entropy change in a reaction is the difference in entropy of the products and reactants.
Where,
Standard entropy change in a reaction and entropy change in the system are same. Enthalpy is the amount energy absorbed or released in a process.
The enthalpy change in a system
Where,
Standard enthalpy change in a reaction and entropy change in the system are same.
Using the value for the change in enthalpy in a system and the temperature, we can calculate
The summation of the change in entropy of the system and surroundings will give the value for the change in enthalpy in the universe(
Answer to Problem 14.23QP
The standard entropy of formation,
The entropy of surroundings,
The given reaction is nonspontaneous
Explanation of Solution
To record the given data
To calculate
Explanation:
The
To calculate
The
To calculate
To calculate
Since,
(d)

Interpretation:
The standard entropy change of the reaction
Concept introduction:
Entropy is the measure of randomness in the system. Standard entropy change in a reaction is the difference in entropy of the products and reactants.
Where,
Standard entropy change in a reaction and entropy change in the system are same. Enthalpy is the amount energy absorbed or released in a process.
The enthalpy change in a system
Where,
Standard enthalpy change in a reaction and entropy change in the system are same.
Using the value for the change in enthalpy in a system and the temperature, we can calculate
The summation of the change in entropy of the system and surroundings will give the value for the change in enthalpy in the universe(
Answer to Problem 14.23QP
The standard entropy of formation,
The entropy of surroundings,
The given reaction is spontaneous
Explanation of Solution
To record the given data
To calculate
The
To calculate
The
To calculate
To calculate
Since,
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 14 Solutions
GEN COMBO CHEMISTRY: ATOMS FIRST; ALEKS 360 2S ACCESS CARD CHEMISTRY:ATOMS FIRST
- In the reaction of naphthalene with CrO3 in acetic acid. Indicate whether a different product is obtained if carried out at 25°C or with heating (A).arrow_forwardQUESTION: Fill in the answers in the empty green boxes 1. Step 2 2. Step 3 3. Step 4 (SUM) 4. Step 5 (df) (GIVEN) 5. Determine S y/x value *The data values have been provided in the worksheet attached in the first image*arrow_forwardIf the symbol A is placed in a reaction, at what temperature does it take place?arrow_forward
- By malonic or acetylacetic synthesis, synthesize 3-methyl-4-oxopentanoic acid (indicate the formulas of the compounds).arrow_forwardoalmitic acid is a 16 carbon acid. In a balanced equation, the products of the sponification of tripalmitin (glyceryl tripalmitate are blank.arrow_forwardWrite the esterification reaction mechanism of salicylic acid and acetic acid to produce aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid). Note: salicylic acid will act as the alcoholarrow_forward
- What type of interaction would you expect between the following R groups in the tertiary structure of a protein? O -CH2-CO and -CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH3+ a. disulfide bonds b. salt bridges c. hydrogen bonds HO abios vist anisinoo tedt bigil s ai loistaslor sale! 10 OUT d. hydrophobic interactions e. peptide bondsarrow_forward4. True or false: This skeletal structure represents a saturated fatty acid. Ini to 0 fale) me OH faistong starrow_forwardBy malonic or acetylacetic synthesis, synthesize 5-Methyl-2-hexanone (with the formulas of the compounds).arrow_forward
- QUESTION: Answer Question 5: 'Calculating standard error of regression' by filling in all the empty green boxes *The values are all provided in the first photo attached*arrow_forwardDraw the formula for 3-chlorobenzoic acetic anhydride.arrow_forwardBy malonic or acetylacetic synthesis, synthesize 2-methylbutanoic acid (indicate the formulas of the compounds).arrow_forward
- General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage LearningPrinciples of Modern ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305079113Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. ButlerPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage Learning





