(a) Interpretation: The structure and the name of the product formed from the reaction between methyl sodium acetylide and ethyl iodide is to be stated. Concept introduction: Alkylenic anions are stronger bases. They can easily donate electrons due to the presence of π − bonds and the negative charge. They react with alkyl halides or sulfonates to form alkynes with increased number of carbon atoms.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 14.18P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure and the name of the product formed from the reaction between methyl sodium acetylide and ethyl iodide is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Alkylenic anions are stronger bases. They can easily donate electrons due to the presence of π− bonds and the negative charge. They react with alkyl halides or sulfonates to form alkynes with increased number of carbon atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure and the name of the product formed from the reaction between butyl tosylate and phenyl sodium is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Alkylenic anions are stronger bases. They can easily donate electrons due to the presence of bonds and the negative charge. They react with alkyl halides or sulfonates to form alkynes with increased number of carbon atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure and the name of the product formed from the reaction between propynyl magnesium bromide and ethylene oxide is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Ethylene oxides react with Grignard reagent to give primary alcohols. Ethylene oxide undergoes ring-opening reaction. In the Grignard reagent, the carbon atom which is bonded to magnesium atom behaves as a nucleophile and the magnesium atom behaves as a Lewis acid. Magnesium atom gets attach to oxygen atom, making it a good leaving group by Protonation.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The structure and the name of the product formed from the reaction between methyl sodium acetylide and is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Alkylenic anions are stronger bases. They can easily donate electrons due to the presence of bonds and the negative charge. They react with alkyl halides or sulfonates to form alkynes with increased number of carbon atoms.

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(a 4 shows scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of extruded actions of packing bed for two capillary columns of different diameters, al 750 (bottom image) and b) 30-μm-i.d. Both columns are packed with the same stationary phase, spherical particles with 1-um diameter. A) When the columns were prepared, the figure shows that the column with the larger diameter has more packing irregularities. Explain this observation. B) Predict what affect this should have on band broadening and discuss your prediction using the van Deemter terms. C) Does this figure support your explanations in application question 33? Explain why or why not and make any changes in your answers in light of this figure. Figure 4 SEM images of sections of packed columns for a) 750 and b) 30-um-i.d. capillary columns.³

fcrip = ↓ bandwidth Il temp 32. What impact (increase, decrease, or no change) does each of the following conditions have on the individual components of the van Deemter equation and consequently, band broadening? Increase temperature Longer column Using a gas mobile phase instead of liquid Smaller particle stationary phase Multiple Paths Diffusion Mass Transfer

34. Figure 3 shows Van Deemter plots for a solute molecule using different column inner diameters (i.d.). A) Predict whether decreasing the column inner diameters increase or decrease bandwidth. B) Predict which van Deemter equation coefficient (A, B, or C) has the greatest effect on increasing or decreasing bandwidth as a function of i.d. and justify your answer. Figure 3 Van Deemter plots for hydroquinone using different column inner diameters (i.d. in μm). The data was obtained from liquid chromatography experiments using fused-silica capillary columns packed with 1.0-μm particles. 35 20 H(um) 큰 20 15 90 0+ 1500 100 75 550 01 02 594 05 μ(cm/sec) 30 15 10

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 14.18P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure and the name of the product formed from the reaction between methyl sodium acetylide and ethyl iodide is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Alkylenic anions are stronger bases. They can easily donate electrons due to the presence of π− bonds and the negative charge. They react with alkyl halides or sulfonates to form alkynes with increased number of carbon atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure and the name of the product formed from the reaction between butyl tosylate and phenyl sodium is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Alkylenic anions are stronger bases. They can easily donate electrons due to the presence of bonds and the negative charge. They react with alkyl halides or sulfonates to form alkynes with increased number of carbon atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure and the name of the product formed from the reaction between propynyl magnesium bromide and ethylene oxide is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Ethylene oxides react with Grignard reagent to give primary alcohols. Ethylene oxide undergoes ring-opening reaction. In the Grignard reagent, the carbon atom which is bonded to magnesium atom behaves as a nucleophile and the magnesium atom behaves as a Lewis acid. Magnesium atom gets attach to oxygen atom, making it a good leaving group by Protonation.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The structure and the name of the product formed from the reaction between methyl sodium acetylide and is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Alkylenic anions are stronger bases. They can easily donate electrons due to the presence of bonds and the negative charge. They react with alkyl halides or sulfonates to form alkynes with increased number of carbon atoms.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 14.18P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure and the name of the product formed from the reaction between methyl sodium acetylide and ethyl iodide is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Alkylenic anions are stronger bases. They can easily donate electrons due to the presence of π− bonds and the negative charge. They react with alkyl halides or sulfonates to form alkynes with increased number of carbon atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure and the name of the product formed from the reaction between butyl tosylate and phenyl sodium is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Alkylenic anions are stronger bases. They can easily donate electrons due to the presence of bonds and the negative charge. They react with alkyl halides or sulfonates to form alkynes with increased number of carbon atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure and the name of the product formed from the reaction between propynyl magnesium bromide and ethylene oxide is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Ethylene oxides react with Grignard reagent to give primary alcohols. Ethylene oxide undergoes ring-opening reaction. In the Grignard reagent, the carbon atom which is bonded to magnesium atom behaves as a nucleophile and the magnesium atom behaves as a Lewis acid. Magnesium atom gets attach to oxygen atom, making it a good leaving group by Protonation.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The structure and the name of the product formed from the reaction between methyl sodium acetylide and is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Alkylenic anions are stronger bases. They can easily donate electrons due to the presence of bonds and the negative charge. They react with alkyl halides or sulfonates to form alkynes with increased number of carbon atoms.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 14.18P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure and the name of the product formed from the reaction between methyl sodium acetylide and ethyl iodide is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Alkylenic anions are stronger bases. They can easily donate electrons due to the presence of π− bonds and the negative charge. They react with alkyl halides or sulfonates to form alkynes with increased number of carbon atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure and the name of the product formed from the reaction between butyl tosylate and phenyl sodium is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Alkylenic anions are stronger bases. They can easily donate electrons due to the presence of bonds and the negative charge. They react with alkyl halides or sulfonates to form alkynes with increased number of carbon atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure and the name of the product formed from the reaction between propynyl magnesium bromide and ethylene oxide is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Ethylene oxides react with Grignard reagent to give primary alcohols. Ethylene oxide undergoes ring-opening reaction. In the Grignard reagent, the carbon atom which is bonded to magnesium atom behaves as a nucleophile and the magnesium atom behaves as a Lewis acid. Magnesium atom gets attach to oxygen atom, making it a good leaving group by Protonation.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The structure and the name of the product formed from the reaction between methyl sodium acetylide and is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Alkylenic anions are stronger bases. They can easily donate electrons due to the presence of bonds and the negative charge. They react with alkyl halides or sulfonates to form alkynes with increased number of carbon atoms.

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Answer 5

Chapter 14, Problem 14.18P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure and the name of the product formed from the reaction between methyl sodium acetylide and ethyl iodide is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Alkylenic anions are stronger bases. They can easily donate electrons due to the presence of π− bonds and the negative charge. They react with alkyl halides or sulfonates to form alkynes with increased number of carbon atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure and the name of the product formed from the reaction between butyl tosylate and phenyl sodium is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Alkylenic anions are stronger bases. They can easily donate electrons due to the presence of bonds and the negative charge. They react with alkyl halides or sulfonates to form alkynes with increased number of carbon atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure and the name of the product formed from the reaction between propynyl magnesium bromide and ethylene oxide is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Ethylene oxides react with Grignard reagent to give primary alcohols. Ethylene oxide undergoes ring-opening reaction. In the Grignard reagent, the carbon atom which is bonded to magnesium atom behaves as a nucleophile and the magnesium atom behaves as a Lewis acid. Magnesium atom gets attach to oxygen atom, making it a good leaving group by Protonation.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The structure and the name of the product formed from the reaction between methyl sodium acetylide and is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Alkylenic anions are stronger bases. They can easily donate electrons due to the presence of bonds and the negative charge. They react with alkyl halides or sulfonates to form alkynes with increased number of carbon atoms.

Answer 6

Chapter 14, Problem 14.18P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure and the name of the product formed from the reaction between methyl sodium acetylide and ethyl iodide is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Alkylenic anions are stronger bases. They can easily donate electrons due to the presence of π− bonds and the negative charge. They react with alkyl halides or sulfonates to form alkynes with increased number of carbon atoms.

Answer 7

Chapter 14, Problem 14.18P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure and the name of the product formed from the reaction between methyl sodium acetylide and ethyl iodide is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Alkylenic anions are stronger bases. They can easily donate electrons due to the presence of π− bonds and the negative charge. They react with alkyl halides or sulfonates to form alkynes with increased number of carbon atoms.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure and the name of the product formed from the reaction between butyl tosylate and phenyl sodium is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Alkylenic anions are stronger bases. They can easily donate electrons due to the presence of bonds and the negative charge. They react with alkyl halides or sulfonates to form alkynes with increased number of carbon atoms.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure and the name of the product formed from the reaction between butyl tosylate and phenyl sodium is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Alkylenic anions are stronger bases. They can easily donate electrons due to the presence of bonds and the negative charge. They react with alkyl halides or sulfonates to form alkynes with increased number of carbon atoms.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure and the name of the product formed from the reaction between propynyl magnesium bromide and ethylene oxide is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Ethylene oxides react with Grignard reagent to give primary alcohols. Ethylene oxide undergoes ring-opening reaction. In the Grignard reagent, the carbon atom which is bonded to magnesium atom behaves as a nucleophile and the magnesium atom behaves as a Lewis acid. Magnesium atom gets attach to oxygen atom, making it a good leaving group by Protonation.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure and the name of the product formed from the reaction between propynyl magnesium bromide and ethylene oxide is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Ethylene oxides react with Grignard reagent to give primary alcohols. Ethylene oxide undergoes ring-opening reaction. In the Grignard reagent, the carbon atom which is bonded to magnesium atom behaves as a nucleophile and the magnesium atom behaves as a Lewis acid. Magnesium atom gets attach to oxygen atom, making it a good leaving group by Protonation.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The structure and the name of the product formed from the reaction between methyl sodium acetylide and is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Alkylenic anions are stronger bases. They can easily donate electrons due to the presence of bonds and the negative charge. They react with alkyl halides or sulfonates to form alkynes with increased number of carbon atoms.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The structure and the name of the product formed from the reaction between methyl sodium acetylide and is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Alkylenic anions are stronger bases. They can easily donate electrons due to the presence of bonds and the negative charge. They react with alkyl halides or sulfonates to form alkynes with increased number of carbon atoms.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.1P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.2P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.3P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.4P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.5P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.6P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.7P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.8P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.9P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.10P

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