Chapter 14, Problem 14.112P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Molecular formula for Hyponitrous acid and nitroxyl has to be determined using the given data.

Concept-Introduction:

Molecular formula can be determined using the given formula,

  $\begin{array}{c}Molecular\text{ formula = n}\left(Empiricalformula\right)\\ \\ n=\frac{Molarmass}{Empiricalmass}\end{array}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structure of Hyponitrous acid and nitroxyl has to be determined.

Concept-Introduction:

Lewis structure

Electron dot structure also known as Lewis dot structure represents the number of valence electrons of an atom or constituent atoms bonded in a molecule.  Each dot corresponds to one electron.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structure of Hyponitrous acid and nitroxyl has to be determined.

Concept-Introduction:

According to VSEPR theory, the geometry is predicted by the minimizing the repulsions between electron-pairs in the bonds and lone-pairs of electrons.  The VSEPR theory is summarized in the given table as,

  $\begin{array}{cccc}\text{Electron-pair}& \text{lone-pair}& \text{Electron-pair}\text{geometry}& \text{Molecular}\text{shape}\\ 2& 0& \text{Linear}& \text{Linear}\\ 3& 0& \text{Trigonal}\text{planar}& \text{Trigonal}\text{planar}\\ 2& 1& \text{Trigonal}\text{planar}& \text{Bent}\\ 4& 0& \text{Tetrahedral}& \text{Tetrahedral}\\ 3& 1& \text{Tetrahedral}& \text{Pyramidal}\\ 2& 2& \text{Tetrahedral}& \text{V}-\text{shape}\\ 5& 0& \text{Trigonal}\text{bipyramidal}& \text{Trigonal}\text{bipyramidal}\\ 4& 1& \text{Trigonal}\text{bipyramidal}& \text{See}-\text{saw}\\ 3& 2& \text{Trigonal}\text{bipyramidal}& \text{T}-\text{shape}\\ 2& 3& \text{Trigonal}\text{bipyramidal}& \text{Linear}\\ 6& 0& \text{Octahedral}& \text{Octahedral}\\ 5& 1& \text{Octahedral}& \text{Square}\text{pyramidal}\\ 4& 2& \text{Octahedral}& \text{Square}\text{planar}\end{array}$

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structure of Hyponitrous acid and nitroxyl has to be determined.

Concept-Introduction:

Geometric isomers: Two compounds are considered as geometric isomers of each other if both contain same number of atoms but different in their arrangement.

• Trans configuration: In trans configuration, similar groups are placed on opposite sides of the double bond.
• Cis configuration: In cis configuration, similar groups are placed on same sides of the double bond.