Chapter 13.6, Problem 13.4P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The number of different kinds of protons present in toluene.

Interpretation: The number of different kinds of protons present in toluene is to be determined.

Concept introduction: The chemical shift is defined as the difference in parts per million in the absorption spectrum of a particular proton from the absorption position of a reference proton. Tetramethylsilane is taken as the reference proton. Chemical shifts are measured in parts per million and it is a dimensionless quantity.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To explain: The reason as to why the aromatic region around $\delta 7.2$ is broad, with more than one sharp absorption.

Interpretation: The reason as to why the aromatic region around $\delta 7.2$ is broad, with more than one sharp absorption is to be explained.

Concept introduction: The chemical shift is defined as the difference in parts per million in the absorption spectrum of a particular proton from the absorption position of a reference proton. Tetramethylsilane is taken as the reference proton. Chemical shifts are measured in parts per million and it is a dimensionless quantity.