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The steps necessary to synthesize
Concept introduction:
Viruses differ considerably in their genomes. Some viruses have genomes composed of RNA, while others have genome made up of DNA. In addition to this, the genome can be either single stranded or double stranded. Since viruses have evolved independently therefore, it is very difficult to classify them on the basis of evolutionary relatedness. They are generally classified on the basis of the type of
Explanation of Solution
The steps necessary to synthesize
1. The first step involves the melting of double stranded DNA to allow the binding of DNA dependent RNA polymerase enzyme.
2. The second step involves the synthesis of
The steps necessary to synthesize
1. Replication of single stranded (+) DNA to form double stranded DNA.
2. The double stranded DNA then act as template for the synthesis of
The steps necessary to synthesize
1. Replication of single stranded (-) DNA occurs to form double stranded DNA.
2. The double stranded DNA then act as template for the synthesis of
The steps necessary to synthesize
1. The single stranded (+) RNA is converted into single stranded (-) DNA with the help of enzyme called reverse transcriptase, a RNA dependent DNA polymerase.
2. The single stranded (-) DNA is then replicated to form double stranded DNA, which is then used as template by the DNA dependent RNA polymerase to synthesize
3. In some single stranded (+) RNA, the positive sense RNA is first converted into negative sense RNA which is then used as template by RNA dependent RNA polymerase to synthesize
The steps necessary to synthesize
1. The single stranded (-) RNA is used as template to synthesize positive sense
2. The
The viruses differ considerably in the synthesis of their
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Chapter 13 Solutions
BIOLOGY:HOW LIFE WORKS (LL)-PACKAGE
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- With reference to their absorption spectra of the oxy haemoglobin intact line) and deoxyhemoglobin (broken line) shown in Figure 2 below, how would you best explain the reason why there are differences in the major peaks of the spectra? Figure 2. SPECTRA OF OXYGENATED AND DEOXYGENATED HAEMOGLOBIN OBTAINED WITH THE RECORDING SPECTROPHOTOMETER 1.4 Abs < 0.8 06 0.4 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 nm 1. The difference in the spectra is due to a pH change in the deoxy-haemoglobin due to uptake of CO2- 2. There is more oxygen-carrying plasma in the oxy-haemoglobin sample. 3. The change in Mr due to oxygen binding causes the oxy haemoglobin to have a higher absorbance peak. 4. Oxy-haemoglobin is contaminated by carbaminohemoglobin, and therefore has a higher absorbance peak 5. Oxy-haemoglobin absorbs more light of blue wavelengths and less of red wavelengths than deoxy-haemoglobinarrow_forwardWhich ONE of the following is FALSE regarding haemoglobin? It has two alpha subunits and two beta subunits. The subunits are joined by disulphide bonds. Each subunit covalently binds a haem group. Conformational change in one subunit can be transmitted to another. There are many variant ("mutant") forms of haemoglobin that are not harmful.arrow_forwardWhich ONE of the following is FALSE regarding haemoglobin? It has two alpha subunits and two beta subunits. The subunits are joined by disulphide bonds. Each subunit covalently binds a haem group. Conformational change in one subunit can be transmitted to another. There are many variant ("mutant") forms of haemoglobin that are not harmful.arrow_forward
- During a routine medical check up of a healthy man it was found that his haematocrit value was highly unusual – value of 60%. What one of the options below is the most likely reason? He will have a diet high in iron. He is likely to be suffering from anaemia. He lives at high altitude. He has recently recovered from an accident where he lost a lot of blood. He has a very large body size.arrow_forwardExplain what age of culture is most likely to produce an endospore?arrow_forwardExplain why hot temperatures greater than 45 degrees celsius would not initiate the sporulation process in endospores?arrow_forward
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