The way nondisjunction changes the number of chromosomes. Introduction: The chromosomes separate during cell division. When they don’t separate during the division, it causes a daughter cell to have extra chromosomes and one to have fewer chromosomes. This is known as nondisjunction.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 13, Problem S9.4BYB

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The way nondisjunction changes the number of chromosomes.

Introduction:

The chromosomes separate during cell division. When they don’t separate during the division, it causes a daughter cell to have extra chromosomes and one to have fewer chromosomes. This is known as nondisjunction.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Most of the nondisjunctions that happen in the human body are during the meiosis of gametogenesis. Meiosis is divided into two phases: meiosis I and meiosis II. Each phase has four steps, namely: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

During the anaphase of both the meiotic processes, the chromosomes are separated by being pulled to the opposite poles by the spindle fibre. In anaphase I, the homologous pair is separated and in anaphase II, sister chromatids are separated. In case, the separation does not occur in a daughter cell, there would be two chromosomes instead of one and there would be no chromosome in another daughter cell. The resulting gametes will have abnormal number of chromosomes, some more and some less. If these gametes form the zygote, the child will develop a disorder.

In case, the gamete having two chromosomes is fertilized by the sperm, then the resulting zygote would form trisomy. In case, the gamete having no chromosome is fertilized by the sperm, then the resulting zygote would show monosomy.

Conclusion

Non-segregation (nondisjunction) of chromosomes during cell division leads to a change in the number of chromosomes.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 13, Problem S9.4BYB

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The way nondisjunction changes the number of chromosomes.

Introduction:

The chromosomes separate during cell division. When they don’t separate during the division, it causes a daughter cell to have extra chromosomes and one to have fewer chromosomes. This is known as nondisjunction.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Most of the nondisjunctions that happen in the human body are during the meiosis of gametogenesis. Meiosis is divided into two phases: meiosis I and meiosis II. Each phase has four steps, namely: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

During the anaphase of both the meiotic processes, the chromosomes are separated by being pulled to the opposite poles by the spindle fibre. In anaphase I, the homologous pair is separated and in anaphase II, sister chromatids are separated. In case, the separation does not occur in a daughter cell, there would be two chromosomes instead of one and there would be no chromosome in another daughter cell. The resulting gametes will have abnormal number of chromosomes, some more and some less. If these gametes form the zygote, the child will develop a disorder.

In case, the gamete having two chromosomes is fertilized by the sperm, then the resulting zygote would form trisomy. In case, the gamete having no chromosome is fertilized by the sperm, then the resulting zygote would show monosomy.

Conclusion

Non-segregation (nondisjunction) of chromosomes during cell division leads to a change in the number of chromosomes.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 13, Problem S9.4BYB

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The way nondisjunction changes the number of chromosomes.

Introduction:

The chromosomes separate during cell division. When they don’t separate during the division, it causes a daughter cell to have extra chromosomes and one to have fewer chromosomes. This is known as nondisjunction.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Most of the nondisjunctions that happen in the human body are during the meiosis of gametogenesis. Meiosis is divided into two phases: meiosis I and meiosis II. Each phase has four steps, namely: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

During the anaphase of both the meiotic processes, the chromosomes are separated by being pulled to the opposite poles by the spindle fibre. In anaphase I, the homologous pair is separated and in anaphase II, sister chromatids are separated. In case, the separation does not occur in a daughter cell, there would be two chromosomes instead of one and there would be no chromosome in another daughter cell. The resulting gametes will have abnormal number of chromosomes, some more and some less. If these gametes form the zygote, the child will develop a disorder.

In case, the gamete having two chromosomes is fertilized by the sperm, then the resulting zygote would form trisomy. In case, the gamete having no chromosome is fertilized by the sperm, then the resulting zygote would show monosomy.

Conclusion

Non-segregation (nondisjunction) of chromosomes during cell division leads to a change in the number of chromosomes.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 13, Problem S9.4BYB

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The way nondisjunction changes the number of chromosomes.

Introduction:

The chromosomes separate during cell division. When they don’t separate during the division, it causes a daughter cell to have extra chromosomes and one to have fewer chromosomes. This is known as nondisjunction.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Most of the nondisjunctions that happen in the human body are during the meiosis of gametogenesis. Meiosis is divided into two phases: meiosis I and meiosis II. Each phase has four steps, namely: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

During the anaphase of both the meiotic processes, the chromosomes are separated by being pulled to the opposite poles by the spindle fibre. In anaphase I, the homologous pair is separated and in anaphase II, sister chromatids are separated. In case, the separation does not occur in a daughter cell, there would be two chromosomes instead of one and there would be no chromosome in another daughter cell. The resulting gametes will have abnormal number of chromosomes, some more and some less. If these gametes form the zygote, the child will develop a disorder.

In case, the gamete having two chromosomes is fertilized by the sperm, then the resulting zygote would form trisomy. In case, the gamete having no chromosome is fertilized by the sperm, then the resulting zygote would show monosomy.

Conclusion

Non-segregation (nondisjunction) of chromosomes during cell division leads to a change in the number of chromosomes.

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Answer 5

Chapter 13, Problem S9.4BYB

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The way nondisjunction changes the number of chromosomes.

Introduction:

The chromosomes separate during cell division. When they don’t separate during the division, it causes a daughter cell to have extra chromosomes and one to have fewer chromosomes. This is known as nondisjunction.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Most of the nondisjunctions that happen in the human body are during the meiosis of gametogenesis. Meiosis is divided into two phases: meiosis I and meiosis II. Each phase has four steps, namely: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

During the anaphase of both the meiotic processes, the chromosomes are separated by being pulled to the opposite poles by the spindle fibre. In anaphase I, the homologous pair is separated and in anaphase II, sister chromatids are separated. In case, the separation does not occur in a daughter cell, there would be two chromosomes instead of one and there would be no chromosome in another daughter cell. The resulting gametes will have abnormal number of chromosomes, some more and some less. If these gametes form the zygote, the child will develop a disorder.

In case, the gamete having two chromosomes is fertilized by the sperm, then the resulting zygote would form trisomy. In case, the gamete having no chromosome is fertilized by the sperm, then the resulting zygote would show monosomy.

Conclusion

Non-segregation (nondisjunction) of chromosomes during cell division leads to a change in the number of chromosomes.

Answer 6

Chapter 13, Problem S9.4BYB

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The way nondisjunction changes the number of chromosomes.

Introduction:

The chromosomes separate during cell division. When they don’t separate during the division, it causes a daughter cell to have extra chromosomes and one to have fewer chromosomes. This is known as nondisjunction.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Most of the nondisjunctions that happen in the human body are during the meiosis of gametogenesis. Meiosis is divided into two phases: meiosis I and meiosis II. Each phase has four steps, namely: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

During the anaphase of both the meiotic processes, the chromosomes are separated by being pulled to the opposite poles by the spindle fibre. In anaphase I, the homologous pair is separated and in anaphase II, sister chromatids are separated. In case, the separation does not occur in a daughter cell, there would be two chromosomes instead of one and there would be no chromosome in another daughter cell. The resulting gametes will have abnormal number of chromosomes, some more and some less. If these gametes form the zygote, the child will develop a disorder.

In case, the gamete having two chromosomes is fertilized by the sperm, then the resulting zygote would form trisomy. In case, the gamete having no chromosome is fertilized by the sperm, then the resulting zygote would show monosomy.

Conclusion

Non-segregation (nondisjunction) of chromosomes during cell division leads to a change in the number of chromosomes.

Answer 7

Chapter 13, Problem S9.4BYB

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The way nondisjunction changes the number of chromosomes.

Introduction:

The chromosomes separate during cell division. When they don’t separate during the division, it causes a daughter cell to have extra chromosomes and one to have fewer chromosomes. This is known as nondisjunction.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Most of the nondisjunctions that happen in the human body are during the meiosis of gametogenesis. Meiosis is divided into two phases: meiosis I and meiosis II. Each phase has four steps, namely: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

During the anaphase of both the meiotic processes, the chromosomes are separated by being pulled to the opposite poles by the spindle fibre. In anaphase I, the homologous pair is separated and in anaphase II, sister chromatids are separated. In case, the separation does not occur in a daughter cell, there would be two chromosomes instead of one and there would be no chromosome in another daughter cell. The resulting gametes will have abnormal number of chromosomes, some more and some less. If these gametes form the zygote, the child will develop a disorder.

In case, the gamete having two chromosomes is fertilized by the sperm, then the resulting zygote would form trisomy. In case, the gamete having no chromosome is fertilized by the sperm, then the resulting zygote would show monosomy.