Microbiology with Diseases by Body System (4th Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780321918550
Author: Robert W. Bauman Ph.D.
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 13, Problem 9CT
Summary Introduction
To answer:
How many cycles it takes for the T4 bacteriophages to infect the colony of 1.5 billion E. coli.
Introduction:
The viruses that invade the bacterial cell are termed as bacteriophages. The most common known bacteriophages are T4 bacteriophages. These bacteriophages have a complex icosahedral head that contains the genetic material and tail fiber like a hypodermic needle. Through the tail, they infect the bacteria with their genome.
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If a single bacteriophage infects one E. coli cell present on a lawn of bacteria and, upon lysis, yields 185 viable viruses, how many phages will exist in a single plaque if 5 more lytic cycles occur?
Express your answer using three significant figures (example: 1.11×10^3).
(there are multiple right answers to this homework question but I can't tell which one is right)
You are designing a phage therapy for a cystic fibrosis patient with an multi-antibiotic resistant Mycobacterium infection. The Mycobacterium infection is preventing the patient from taking immunosuppressant drugs that are needed for a successful lung transplant. The idea is that introducing the right phage to the patient will kill the Mycobacterium cells and allow the patient to go on immunosuppressant drugs that will ensure the new lung is not rejected by the body.
In the first step of your phage therapy design process, you isolate the exact Mycobacterium strain from the patient. What is the most important thing must you establish next about this bacterial isolate?
That the isolate is genomically stable so you can study it
That the isolate is similar to Mycobacterium in other patients
That the isolate rapidly evolves due to horizontal gene transfer
That the Mycobacterium is…
Consider a hypothetical phage whose DNA replicates exclusively by rolling circle replication. A phage with radioactive DNA in both strands infects a bacterium and is allowed to replicate in a nonradioactive medium. Assume that only daughter DNA from the elongated branch ever gets packaged into progeny particles.
What fraction of the parental radioactivity will appear in the progeny phage?
How many progeny phage will contain radioactive DNA?
What is the fundamental difference between the initiation of θ replication and that of the rolling circle?
Chapter 13 Solutions
Microbiology with Diseases by Body System (4th Edition)
Ch. 13 - Why are naked icosahedral viruses able to...Ch. 13 - What characteristics of the genomes of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 3TMWCh. 13 - Prob. 1EDCSCh. 13 - Prob. 4TMWCh. 13 - Prob. 5TMWCh. 13 - Prob. 6TMWCh. 13 - Prob. 7TMWCh. 13 - Prob. 1CCSCh. 13 - Prob. 1MC
Ch. 13 - Prob. 2MCCh. 13 - Prob. 3MCCh. 13 - Prob. 4MCCh. 13 - Prob. 5MCCh. 13 - Prob. 6MCCh. 13 - Prob. 7MCCh. 13 - Prob. 8MCCh. 13 - Prob. 9MCCh. 13 - Prob. 10MCCh. 13 - Prob. 1MCh. 13 - Prob. 1VICh. 13 - Prob. 2VICh. 13 - Prob. 1SACh. 13 - Prob. 2SACh. 13 - Prob. 3SACh. 13 - Prob. 4SACh. 13 - Prob. 5SACh. 13 - What is the difference between a virion and a...Ch. 13 - How is a provirus like a prophage? How is it...Ch. 13 - Prob. 8SACh. 13 - Prob. 9SACh. 13 - Prob. 10SACh. 13 - Prob. 1CTCh. 13 - Prob. 2CTCh. 13 - Prob. 3CTCh. 13 - Prob. 4CTCh. 13 - Prob. 5CTCh. 13 - Prob. 6CTCh. 13 - Prob. 7CTCh. 13 - Why has it been difficult to develop a complete...Ch. 13 - Prob. 9CTCh. 13 - What differences would you expect in the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 11CTCh. 13 - Prob. 12CTCh. 13 - Prob. 13CTCh. 13 - Prob. 1CM
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- In Hershey-Chase experiment, bacteriophages protein coats were tagged with radioactive isotope S-32. These phages were used to infect E. coli cells and the cells were further centrifuged to form pellets. Why was the radioactivity level of S-32 found greater outside the cells compared to the E. coli cell pellets? Explain briefly. If the experiment is repeated in the same manner but this time the phage protein coats are labelled with isotope X and the phage DNA with isotope Y, which isotope’s radioactivity will be found in greater amounts in the E. coli cell pellets after centrifugation? Explain briefly.arrow_forwardThe figure depicts five stages of the lytic cycle. ********* Select the statement that describes stage 3 of the lytic cycle, as shown in the diagram. The host cell synthesizes cellular proteins to prepare for lysis. The host cell incorporates phage DNA into its own genome. The host cell replicates the phage DNA. O The host cell synthesizes proteins that degrade phage DNA.arrow_forwardHost DNA is digested into small pieces, which are occasionally assembled with phage proteins, creating a phage with bacterial chromosomal DNA. If the breakage of the chromosomal DNA is not random (i.e., it is more likely tobreak at certain spots as opposed to other spots), how might suchnonrandom breakage affect cotransduction frequency?arrow_forward
- Assume you isolate a single stranded (+) RNA virus. When you examine the proteins in the virus, you find that it does NOT contain replicase enzymes within its capsid. Which of the following is true? This virus must have a gene that encodes replicase. This virus will not be able to enter a host cell. Its genome cannot be translated (the process of translation) by the host cell ribosomes. A DNA copy of the viral genome has to be made before viral genes are expressed. This virus must lack surface antigens.arrow_forwardWhich of the statements is TRUE about conjugation? a) Plasmid DNA is transferred from a donor (F+) cell b) It may only be performed by competent cells c) DNA is always integrated into recipient chromosome d) It may be specialized or generalizedarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is not applicable to conjugation? A) OF factors are transferrable plasmids passed from one cell to another during conjugation. B) O During conjugation, rolling circle replication transfers an F factor from an F+ cell to an F- cell. ) O An F factor acquired during conjugation will automatically be integrated into the recipient's chromosome. D) O Conjugation requires physical contact between cells via the formation of a sex pilus. E) O An Hfr strain is capable of transferring a portion of the chromosome during conjugation.arrow_forward
- When various strains of λ phage are seeded on a lawn of E. coli, they can form clear or turbid plaques. (b) For mutant λ phages that can only form clear plaques, give two different types of mutation in the phage that can explain the clear plaque phenotype.arrow_forwardWhich of the statements about bacteriophage is FALSE: a) specialized transduction is a low frequency event b) may accidently package host DNA into a phage particle c) may perform specialized transduction d) only have a lytic life cyclearrow_forwardIn Figure 5-2, in which of the four processes shown can acomplete bacterial genome be transferred from one cellto another?arrow_forward
- Describe the process of replication of a Lytic phage and a Lysogenic phage. In your answer you must include the different steps of the replication process as well as appropriate terms used to name these steps of the process. Compare and contrast both methods of replication and indicate the relevance of lysogenic cycle of phage replication to bacterial antibiotic resistance.arrow_forwardYou are designing a phage therapy for a cystic fibrosis patient with an multi-antibiotic resistant Mycobacterium infection. The Mycobacterium infection is preventing the patient from taking immunosuppressant drugs that are needed for a successful lung transplant. The idea is that introducing the right phage to the patient will kill the Mycobacterium cells and allow the patient to go on immunosuppressant drugs that will ensure the new lung is not rejected by the body. You need to find a phage that infects the Mycobacterium you isolated from the patient. Which TWO options have the highest chance of success? A. Screening a colleague's library of known Mycobacterium phages for phage that infect the patient's Mycobacterium isolate b. Choosing likely candidates from analysis of phage 16S rRNA phylogeny in the tree of life C. Isolating new phage from soil using a plaque assay with the Mycobacterium isolate D. Obtaining a very well-studied phage, such as T4 bacteriophage, that…arrow_forwardYou are designing a phage therapy for a cystic fibrosis patient with an multi-antibiotic resistant Mycobacterium infection. The Mycobacterium infection is preventing the patient from taking immunosuppressant drugs that are needed for a successful lung transplant. The idea is that introducing the right phage to the patient will kill the Mycobacterium cells and allow the patient to go on immunosuppressant drugs that will ensure the new lung is not rejected by the body. You finally find a phage that you think will work because it attaches to and injects its genome into the patient's Mycobacterium isolate. Next, you need to be sure of what characteristics of the phage infection cycle? Pick all that are true A. That the phage delivers new antibiotic resistance genes to Mycobacterium via transduction B. That the correct proteins are expressed during the phages metabolism C. That the infection is lytic D.That lysogeny is the primary infection pathwayarrow_forward
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