Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957664
Author: ZUMDAHL, Steven S.
Publisher: Cengage Learning,
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Chapter 13, Problem 8RQ
A common type of reaction we will study is that having a very small K value (K << 1). Solving for equilibrium concentrations in an equilibrium problem usually requires many mathematical operations to be perfomed. However, the math involved when solving equilibrium problems for reactions having small K values (K << 1) is simplified. What assumption is made when solving the equilibrium concentrations for reactions with small K values? Whenever assumptions are made, they must be checked for validity. In general, the “5% rule” is used to check the validity of assuming x (or 2 x, 3x, and so on) is very small compared to some number. When x (or 2 x. 3x. and so on) is less than 5% of the number the assumption was made against, then the assumption is said to be valid. If the 5% rule fails, what do you do to solve for the equilibrium concentrations?
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Using the conditions of spontaneity to deduce the signs of AH and AS
Use the observations about each chemical reaction in the table below to decide the sign (positive or negative) of the reaction enthalpy AH and reaction entropy
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A
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proceeds slower at temperatures above
120. °C.
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117. °C.
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(pick one)
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C
above.
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|(pick one)
?
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Calculating the pH at equivalence of a titration
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Round your answer to 2 decimal places.
Note for advanced students: you may assume the total volume of the solution equals the initial volume plus the volume of KOH solution added.
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Chapter 13 Solutions
Chemistry
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