Discrete Mathematics with Graph Theory (Classic Version) (3rd Edition) (Pearson Modern Classics for Advanced Mathematics Series)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134689555
Author: Edgar Goodaire, Michael Parmenter
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 1.3, Problem 8E
(a)
To determine
The reason why two premises
(b)
To determine
To prove: Using 8(a), that the argument given below is a valid argument.
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1. Show that, for any non-negative random variable X,
EX+E+≥2,
X
E max X.
21.
For each real-valued nonprincipal character x mod k, let
A(n) = x(d) and F(x) = Σ
:
dn
* Prove that
F(x) = L(1,x) log x + O(1).
n
By considering appropriate series expansions,
e². e²²/2. e²³/3.
....
=
= 1 + x + x² + ·
...
when |x| < 1.
By expanding each individual exponential term on the left-hand side
the coefficient of x- 19 has the form
and multiplying out,
1/19!1/19+r/s,
where 19 does not divide s. Deduce that
18! 1 (mod 19).
Chapter 1 Solutions
Discrete Mathematics with Graph Theory (Classic Version) (3rd Edition) (Pearson Modern Classics for Advanced Mathematics Series)
Ch. 1.1 - True/False Questions
“” means “”
Ch. 1.1 - A truth table based on four simple statements...Ch. 1.1 - True/False Questions
2. If is true, then is also...Ch. 1.1 - If p and q are both false, the truth value of...Ch. 1.1 - If pq is false, the truth value of (pq)(pq) is...Ch. 1.1 - pq andqp are logically equivalent.Ch. 1.1 - True/False Questions
7. A statement and its...Ch. 1.1 - (pq)(pq) is a tautology.Ch. 1.1 - True/False Questions
9. If B is a tautology and A...Ch. 1.1 - True/False Questions
10. If A and B are both...
Ch. 1.1 - Construct a truth table for each of the following...Ch. 1.1 - (a) If pq is false, determine the truth value of...Ch. 1.1 - 3. Determine the truth value for
when are all...Ch. 1.1 - 4. Repeat Exercise 3 in the case where are all...Ch. 1.1 - 5. (a) Show that is a tautology.
(b) Show that ...Ch. 1.1 - Prob. 6ECh. 1.1 - Prob. 7ECh. 1.1 - Prob. 8ECh. 1.1 - Prob. 9ECh. 1.1 - 10. (a) Show that the statement is not logically...Ch. 1.1 - 11. If and are statements, then the compound...Ch. 1.2 - True/False Questions
Two statements A and B are...Ch. 1.2 - True/False Questions
2. “A B” and “A B” mean the...Ch. 1.2 - True/False Questions
3. () () for any statement ....Ch. 1.2 - True/False Questions
4. for any statements
Ch. 1.2 - (p(qr))((pq)(pr)) for any statements p,q,r.Ch. 1.2 - ((pq))((p)(q)) for any statements p,q.Ch. 1.2 - If A Band C is any statement, then (A C) (B ...Ch. 1.2 - True/False Questions
8. is in disjunctive normal...Ch. 1.2 - (pq(r))((p)(q)(r)) is in disjunctive normal form.Ch. 1.2 - True/False Questions
10. Disjunctive normal form...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 1ECh. 1.2 - (a) Show that p[(pq)] is a tautology. (b) What is...Ch. 1.2 - Simplify each of the following statements. (a)...Ch. 1.2 - 4. Using truth tables, verify the following...Ch. 1.2 - 5. Using the properties in the text together with...Ch. 1.2 - Prove that the statements (p(q))q and (p(q))p are...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 7ECh. 1.2 - Prob. 8ECh. 1.2 - Prob. 9ECh. 1.2 - Express each of the following statements in...Ch. 1.2 - Find out what you can about Augustus De Morgan and...Ch. 1.3 - True/False Questions
An argument is valid if,...Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 2TFQCh. 1.3 - Prob. 3TFQCh. 1.3 - True/False Questions
4. De Morgan’s laws are two...Ch. 1.3 - The chain rule has pq and qr as its premises.Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 6TFQCh. 1.3 - Prob. 7TFQCh. 1.3 - Prob. 8TFQCh. 1.3 - Prob. 9TFQCh. 1.3 - Prob. 10TFQCh. 1.3 - Determine whether or not each of the following...Ch. 1.3 - 2. Verify that each of the five rules of inference...Ch. 1.3 - Verify that each of the following arguments is...Ch. 1.3 - Test the validity of each of the following...Ch. 1.3 - 5. Determine the validity of each of the following...Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 6ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 7ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 8ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 9ECh. 1.3 - 10. What language is being used when we say “modus...Ch. 1 - Construct a truth table for the compound statement...Ch. 1 - Determine the truth value of [p(q((r)s))](rt),...Ch. 1 - 3. Determine whether each statement is a...Ch. 1 - Two compound statements A and B have the property...Ch. 1 - 5. (a) Suppose A, B, and C are compound statements...Ch. 1 - Establish the logical equivalence of each of the...Ch. 1 - 7. Express each of the following statements in...Ch. 1 - Determine whether each of the following arguments...Ch. 1 - Discuss the validity of the argument pq(p)r Purple...Ch. 1 - 10. Determine the validity of each of the...
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- Proof: LN⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯LN¯ divides quadrilateral KLMN into two triangles. The sum of the angle measures in each triangle is ˚, so the sum of the angle measures for both triangles is ˚. So, m∠K+m∠L+m∠M+m∠N=m∠K+m∠L+m∠M+m∠N=˚. Because ∠K≅∠M∠K≅∠M and ∠N≅∠L, m∠K=m∠M∠N≅∠L, m∠K=m∠M and m∠N=m∠Lm∠N=m∠L by the definition of congruence. By the Substitution Property of Equality, m∠K+m∠L+m∠K+m∠L=m∠K+m∠L+m∠K+m∠L=°,°, so (m∠K)+ m∠K+ (m∠L)= m∠L= ˚. Dividing each side by gives m∠K+m∠L=m∠K+m∠L= °.°. The consecutive angles are supplementary, so KN⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯∥LM⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯KN¯∥LM¯ by the Converse of the Consecutive Interior Angles Theorem. Likewise, (m∠K)+m∠K+ (m∠N)=m∠N= ˚, or m∠K+m∠N=m∠K+m∠N= ˚. So these consecutive angles are supplementary and KL⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯∥NM⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯KL¯∥NM¯ by the Converse of the Consecutive Interior Angles Theorem. Opposite sides are parallel, so quadrilateral KLMN is a parallelogram.arrow_forwardBy considering appropriate series expansions, ex · ex²/2 . ¸²³/³ . . .. = = 1 + x + x² +…… when |x| < 1. By expanding each individual exponential term on the left-hand side and multiplying out, show that the coefficient of x 19 has the form 1/19!+1/19+r/s, where 19 does not divide s.arrow_forwardLet 1 1 r 1+ + + 2 3 + = 823 823s Without calculating the left-hand side, prove that r = s (mod 823³).arrow_forward
- For each real-valued nonprincipal character X mod 16, verify that L(1,x) 0.arrow_forward*Construct a table of values for all the nonprincipal Dirichlet characters mod 16. Verify from your table that Σ x(3)=0 and Χ mod 16 Σ χ(11) = 0. x mod 16arrow_forwardFor each real-valued nonprincipal character x mod 16, verify that A(225) > 1. (Recall that A(n) = Σx(d).) d\narrow_forward
- 24. Prove the following multiplicative property of the gcd: a k b h (ah, bk) = (a, b)(h, k)| \(a, b)' (h, k) \(a, b)' (h, k) In particular this shows that (ah, bk) = (a, k)(b, h) whenever (a, b) = (h, k) = 1.arrow_forward20. Let d = (826, 1890). Use the Euclidean algorithm to compute d, then express d as a linear combination of 826 and 1890.arrow_forwardLet 1 1+ + + + 2 3 1 r 823 823s Without calculating the left-hand side, Find one solution of the polynomial congruence 3x²+2x+100 = 0 (mod 343). Ts (mod 8233).arrow_forward
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