
(a)
Interpretation: Whether the volume of container should be increase or decrease in order to increase the yield of products of following reaction needs be determined:
Concept Introduction :
According to Boyle’s law, pressure and volume are inversely proportional to each other at constant temperature. Mathematically,
Gaseous molecules exert pressure on the wall of container as they are free to move within a container.
More the gaseous moles of compounds, more will be the pressure on the walls of container.
LeChatelier’s principle = According to this principle, when an equilibrium mixture is disturbed by changing volume, pressure, amount of substances then equilibrium will shift in that direction where it can counteract the change to establish new equilibrium.
Effects on equilibrium on increasing volume:
Since volume is inversely proportional to pressure. Thus, increasing volume means decreasing the pressure. When an equilibrium system is disturbed by lowering the pressure, it will shift in that direction where the pressure will increase i.e. reaction will shift in that direction which has a greater number of gaseous moles.
Thus, when volume of container is increased then a gas-phase equilibrium will shift in the direction which has a greater number of gaseous moles.
Effects on equilibrium on decreasing volume:
Since volume is inversely proportional to pressure. Thus, decreasing volume means increasing the pressure. When an equilibrium system is disturbed by increasing the pressure, it will shift in that direction where the pressure will decrease i.e. reaction will shift in that direction which has a fewer number of gaseous moles.
Thus, when volume of container is decreased then a gas-phase equilibrium will shift in the direction which has a fewer number of gaseous moles.
(b)
Interpretation: Whether the volume of container should be increase or decrease in order to increase the yield of products of following reaction needs be determined:
Concept Introduction :
According to Boyle’s law, pressure and volume are inversely proportional to each other at constant temperature. Mathematically,
Gaseous molecules exert pressure on the wall of container as they are free to move within a container.
More the gaseous moles of compounds, more will be the pressure on the walls of container.
LeChatelier’s principle = According to this principle, when an equilibrium mixture is disturbed by changing volume, pressure, amount of substances then equilibrium will shift in that direction where it can counteract the change to establish new equilibrium.
Effects on equilibrium on increasing volume:
Since volume is inversely proportional to pressure. Thus, increasing volume means decreasing the pressure. When an equilibrium system is disturbed by lowering the pressure, it will shift in that direction where the pressure will increase i.e. reaction will shift in that direction which has a greater number of gaseous moles.
Thus, when volume of container is increased then a gas-phase equilibrium will shift in the direction which has a greater number of gaseous moles.
Effects on equilibrium on decreasing volume:
Since volume is inversely proportional to pressure. Thus, decreasing volume means increasing the pressure. When an equilibrium system is disturbed by increasing the pressure, it will shift in that direction where the pressure will decrease i.e. reaction will shift in that direction which has a fewer number of gaseous moles.
Thus, when volume of container is decreased then a gas-phase equilibrium will shift in the direction which has a fewer number of gaseous moles.
(c)
Interpretation: Whether the volume of container should be increase or decrease in order to increase the yield of products of following reaction needs be determined:
Concept Introduction :
According to Boyle’s law, pressure and volume are inversely proportional to each other at constant temperature. Mathematically,
Gaseous molecules exert pressure on the wall of container as they are free to move within a container.
More the gaseous moles of compounds, more will be the pressure on the walls of container.
LeChatelier’s principle = According to this principle, when an equilibrium mixture is disturbed by changing volume, pressure, amount of substances then equilibrium will shift in that direction where it can counteract the change to establish new equilibrium.
Effects on equilibrium on increasing volume:
Since volume is inversely proportional to pressure. Thus, increasing volume means decreasing the pressure. When an equilibrium system is disturbed by lowering the pressure, it will shift in that direction where the pressure will increase i.e. reaction will shift in that direction which has a greater number of gaseous moles.
Thus, when volume of container is increased then a gas-phase equilibrium will shift in the direction which has a greater number of gaseous moles.
Effects on equilibrium on decreasing volume:
Since volume is inversely proportional to pressure. Thus, decreasing volume means increasing the pressure. When an equilibrium system is disturbed by increasing the pressure, it will shift in that direction where the pressure will decrease i.e. reaction will shift in that direction which has a fewer number of gaseous moles.
Thus, when volume of container is decreased then a gas-phase equilibrium will shift in the direction which has a fewer number of gaseous moles.

Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Chapter 13 Solutions
EBK BASIC CHEMISTRY
- (c) (4pts) Mechanism: heat (E1) CH3OH + 1.5pts each _E1 _ (1pt) Br CH3OH (d) (4pts) Mechanism: SN1 (1pt) (e) (3pts) 1111 I H 10 Ill!! H LDA THF (solvent) Mechanism: E2 (1pt) NC (f) Bri!!!!! CH3 NaCN (3pts) acetone Mechanism: SN2 (1pt) (SN1) -OCH3 OCH3 1.5pts each 2pts for either product 1pt if incorrect stereochemistry H Br (g) “,、 (3pts) H CH3OH +21 Mechanism: SN2 (1pt) H CH3 2pts 1pt if incorrect stereochemistry H 2pts 1pt if incorrect stereochemistryarrow_forwardA mixture of butyl acrylate and 4'-chloropropiophenone has been taken for proton NMR analysis. Based on this proton NMR, determine the relative percentage of each compound in the mixturearrow_forwardQ5: Label each chiral carbon in the following molecules as R or S. Make sure the stereocenter to which each of your R/S assignments belong is perfectly clear to the grader. (8pts) R OCH 3 CI H S 2pts for each R/S HO R H !!! I OH CI HN CI R Harrow_forward
- Calculate the proton and carbon chemical shifts for this structurearrow_forwardA. B. b. Now consider the two bicyclic molecules A. and B. Note that A. is a dianion and B. is a neutral molecule. One of these molecules is a highly reactive compound first characterized in frozen noble gas matrices, that self-reacts rapidly at temperatures above liquid nitrogen temperature. The other compound was isolated at room temperature in the early 1960s, and is a stable ligand used in organometallic chemistry. Which molecule is the more stable molecule, and why?arrow_forwardWhere are the chiral centers in this molecule? Also is this compound meso yes or no?arrow_forward
- PLEASE HELP! URGENT!arrow_forwardWhere are the chiral centers in this molecule? Also is this compound meso yes or no?arrow_forwardA mixture of C7H12O2, C9H9OCl, biphenyl and acetone was put together in a gas chromatography tube. Please decide from the GC resutls which correspond to the peak for C7,C9 and biphenyl and explain the reasoning based on GC results. Eliminate unnecessary peaks from Gas Chromatography results.arrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY





