Concept explainers
To distinguish: Between neurons and nerves.
Introduction: The nervous system controls and coordinates all the activities of animals. It is classified into two major types, namely the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS includes the brain and the spinal cord. The PNS includes neurons and ganglia. The primary tissue of this system is the nervous tissue.
To distinguish: Between the somatic system and the autonomic system.
Introduction: The nervous system controls and coordinates all the activities of animals. It is classified into two major types, namely the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS includes the brain and the spinal cord. The PNS includes neurons and ganglia. The primary tissue of this system is the nervous tissue.
To distinguish: Between parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves.
Introduction: The autonomic nervous system is a functional division of the peripheral nervous system. It involves two autonomic neurons in the efferent pathway, namely preganglionic neurons and postganglionic neurons. The cell body of the preganglionic neurons is in the central nervous system (CNS), whereas the postganglionic neurons lie entirely outside the CNS. The autonomic nervous system is (structurally and functionally) divided into two parts, namely the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS).
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- The autonomic nervous system is part of the a. central nervous system. b. peripheral nervous system. c. sympathetic nervous system. d. parasympathetic nervous system.arrow_forwardThe vast majority of neurons are located in the a. Outer bulges of the neocortex b. Cerebellum and brainstem C. Autonomic Nervous System d. Creases in the neocortexarrow_forwardThe PNS is comprised of cranial nerves and A. sensory nerves B. the brain C. spinal nervesarrow_forward
- What kinds of neurons (sympathetic or parasympathetic, preganglionic or postganglionic) are found in the following? a. cranial nerve nuclei b. lateral horn of the thoracic spinal cord gray matter c. lateral portion of the sacral spinal cord gray matter d. chain ganglia e. ganglia in the wall of an organarrow_forwardI. II. III. >>> IV. V. VI. VII. Describe the anatomical and functional divisions of the nervous system, including the difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. Given a description of the signal, identify which division of the nervous system is involved. Locate the following structures on a model of the brain (or sheep brain) and describe the function of each. a. Corpus callosum b. Cerebrum i. Frontal lobe ii. Temporal lobe iii. Occipital lobe iv. Parietal lobe c. Cerebellum d. Pons e. Medulla oblongata f. Thalamus g. Hypothalamus Describe the ways that the cerebrospinal fluid protect the CNS. Describe the blood-brain-barrier Describe the sensory homunculus and describe how it relates to the results of the experiment we did to test how close we could get to the spot made by a classmate. (Lab 9, Section B) Define sensory receptor VIII. Define sensation and perception IX. Define sensory transduction and put the steps of sensory transduction in the proper orderarrow_forwardDemyelination of axon in peripheral nerves is the cause of: a. Huntington's b. Horners Syndrome c. Multiple sclerosis d. Gullian Barre Syndromearrow_forward
- Which of the following is most correct: A. Most spinal nerves contain both somatic and autonomic fibers. B. Most body responses to changing internal and external environments involve both enhanced skeletal muscle and visceral activity C. Somatic and autonomic branches are not truly individual entities, function is well integrated. D. Higher brain centers regulate both somatic and autonomic function. E. All these are correct.arrow_forwardMark the following statements as true of false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement. a. Ependymal cells regulate the composition and movement of cerebrospinal fluid. b. Schwann cells make myelin in the peripheral nervous system c. Microglia are neuroglial cells with an immune function. d. Oligodendrocytes repair damaged axons in the peripheral nervous system. e. Astrocytes regulate the extracellular environment of the brain and are key components of the blood-brain barrier. f. Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells perform similar functions in different parts of the nervous system.arrow_forwardDescribe the functions of the following brain regions: a. Cerebrum (cerebral cortex). b. Cerebellum c. Diencephalon d. Brain Stemarrow_forward
- Where do preganglionic fibers come from for the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system? A. sacral and coccyx region of the spinal cord B. brain stem and cervical region of the spinal cordC. brain stem and sacral part of the spinal cord D. thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cordarrow_forwardA fight-or-flight response in the body is controlled by thea. sympathetic division of the nervous system.b. parasympathetic division of the nervous system.c. release of acetylcholine from postganglionic neurons.d. somatic nervous system.arrow_forward2) The central nervous system (CNS) is composed ofa. spinal nerves.b. sense receptors.c. the brain and spinal cord.d. nerves of the internal organs.arrow_forward
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