An important reaction in the commercial production of hydrogen is: CO(g) + H2O(g) ⇌ H2(g) + CO2(g)  How will this system at equilibrium shift in each of the five following cases? a. Gaseous carbon dioxide is removed. b. Water vapor is added. c. In a rigid reaction container, the pressure is increased by adding helium gas. d. The temperaure is increased (the reaction is exothermic). e. The pressure is increased by decreasing the volume of the reaction container.

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