
To analyze: That the Galilean satellites obey Kepler’s third law using the below table.
Galilean satellite | Average distance from the Jupiter (km) | Orbital period (days) |
Io | 421600 | 1.769 |
Europe | 670900 | 3.551 |
Ganymede | 1070000 | 7.155 |
Callisto | 1883000 | 16.689 |

Answer to Problem 5Q
Solution:
All Galilean satellite follow Kepler’s third law.
Explanation of Solution
Given data:
Galilean satellite | Average distance from the Jupiter (km) | Orbital period (days) |
Io | 421600 | 1.769 |
Europe | 670900 | 3.551 |
Ganymede | 1070000 | 7.155 |
Callisto | 1883000 | 16.689 |
Formula used:
Kepler’s third law states that the square of the period of orbit for an object is directly proportional to the cube of the orbit’s semi-major axis of an object. That is,
Here, P is the orbital period and a is the semi-major axis.
Explanation:
Understand that, if the ratio
Evaluate the ratio of the cube of the orbit’s semi-major axis of Io and the square of the period of orbit for Io as,
Here, the subscript Io refers to the corresponding quantities for satellite Io.
Substitute
Evaluate the ratio of the cube of the orbit’s semi-major axis of Europa and the square of the period of orbit for Europa as,
Here, the subscript Europa refers to the corresponding quantities for satellite Europa.
Substitute
Evaluate the ratio of the cube of the orbit’s semi-major axis of Ganymede and the square of the period of orbit for Ganymede as,
Here, the subscript Ganymede refers to the corresponding quantities for satellite Ganymede.
Substitute
Evaluate the ratio of the cube of the orbit’s semi-major axis of Callisto and the square of the period of orbit for Callisto as,
Here, the subscript Callisto refers to the corresponding quantities for satellite Callisto.
Substitute
As seen from the equation (1), (2), (3), and (4), the ratio
Conclusion:
The ratio
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