Physical Universe
16th Edition
ISBN: 9780077862619
Author: KRAUSKOPF, Konrad B. (konrad Bates), Beiser, Arthur
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Chapter 13, Problem 47E
What is believed to be the origin of atmospheric oxygen?
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Statistical thermodynamics. The number of imaginary replicas of a system of N particlesa) cannot be greater than Avogadro's numberb) must always be greater than Avogadro's number.c) has no relation to Avogadro's number.
Lab-Based Section
Use the following information to answer the lab based scenario.
A student performed an experiment in an attempt to determine the index of refraction of glass.
The student used a laser and a protractor to measure a variety of angles of incidence and
refraction through a semi-circular glass prism. The design of the experiment and the student's
results are shown below.
Angle of
Incidence (°)
Angle of
Refraction (º)
20
11
30
19
40
26
50
31
60
36
70
38
2a) By hand (i.e., without using computer software), create a linear graph on graph paper
using the student's data. Note: You will have to manipulate the data in order to achieve a
linear function.
2b) Graphically determine the index of refraction of the semi-circular glass prism, rounding your
answer to the nearest hundredth.
Use the following information to answer the next two questions.
A laser is directed at a prism made of zircon (n = 1.92) at an incident angle of 35.0°, as shown in
the diagram.
3a) Determine the critical angle of zircon.
35.0°
70°
55
55°
3b) Determine the angle of refraction when the laser beam leaves the prism.
Chapter 13 Solutions
Physical Universe
Ch. 13 - Prob. 1MCCh. 13 - Prob. 2MCCh. 13 - Prob. 3MCCh. 13 - Prob. 4MCCh. 13 - As a class, the alkanes are a. highly reactive b....Ch. 13 - Prob. 6MCCh. 13 - Gasoline is a mixture of a. alkanes b. isomers of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 8MCCh. 13 - Unsaturated hydrocarbon molecules are...Ch. 13 - Prob. 10MC
Ch. 13 - Prob. 11MCCh. 13 - Prob. 12MCCh. 13 - Prob. 13MCCh. 13 - Prob. 14MCCh. 13 - Prob. 15MCCh. 13 - Prob. 16MCCh. 13 - Prob. 17MCCh. 13 - Prob. 18MCCh. 13 - Prob. 19MCCh. 13 - Prob. 20MCCh. 13 - Prob. 21MCCh. 13 - Prob. 22MCCh. 13 - Living cells consist mainly of a. carbohydrates b....Ch. 13 - Prob. 24MCCh. 13 - Prob. 25MCCh. 13 - Photosynthesis produces a. carbohydrates b....Ch. 13 - Prob. 27MCCh. 13 - Prob. 28MCCh. 13 - Prob. 29MCCh. 13 - Prob. 30MCCh. 13 - Prob. 31MCCh. 13 - Lipids are synthesized in plants and animals from...Ch. 13 - Prob. 33MCCh. 13 - Prob. 34MCCh. 13 - Proteins consist of combinations of a. amino acids...Ch. 13 - The number of amino acids important to life is a....Ch. 13 - Prob. 37MCCh. 13 - Prob. 38MCCh. 13 - Prob. 39MCCh. 13 - Prob. 40MCCh. 13 - Each three-nucleotide group in a DNA molecule...Ch. 13 - DNA is involved in which one or more of the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 1ECh. 13 - Prob. 2ECh. 13 - What is the principal bonding mechanism in organic...Ch. 13 - How can the different alkanes in petroleum be...Ch. 13 - Prob. 5ECh. 13 - Why are structural formulas more important in...Ch. 13 - The isomers of a compound have the same chemical...Ch. 13 - Distinguish between unsaturated and saturated...Ch. 13 - How many electrons are shared in a double bond...Ch. 13 - What kind of carbon-carbon bonds are found in...Ch. 13 - How many covalent bonds are present between the...Ch. 13 - In general, how do the reactivities of hydrocarbon...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13ECh. 13 - The alkanes of Sec. 13.2 are saturated...Ch. 13 - The structural formula of propane is given in Sec....Ch. 13 - Why does this structural formula not represent an...Ch. 13 - Why does this structural formula not represent an...Ch. 13 - Prob. 18ECh. 13 - Is it possible for a molecule with the formula...Ch. 13 - Is it possible for a molecule with the formula...Ch. 13 - Is it possible for a molecule with the formula...Ch. 13 - Each molecule of butyne, C4H6, has a triple bond...Ch. 13 - Each molecule of butene, C4H8, has a double bond...Ch. 13 - Prob. 24ECh. 13 - What is the difference between aromatic and...Ch. 13 - Why are all aromatic compounds unsaturated?Ch. 13 - The carbon atoms in normal hexane, C6H14, form a...Ch. 13 - Prob. 28ECh. 13 - When sugar undergoes fermentation to produce...Ch. 13 - To what class of organic compounds does the...Ch. 13 - To what class of organic compounds does the...Ch. 13 - What have the compounds in each of these pairs in...Ch. 13 - What have the compounds in each of these pairs in...Ch. 13 - Which of the following (a) dissolve in water, (b)...Ch. 13 - Compare the properties of a simple ester, for...Ch. 13 - Why do you think the compound whose structure is...Ch. 13 - Prob. 37ECh. 13 - Use structural formulas to show the reaction...Ch. 13 - Give structural formulas for the two isomeric...Ch. 13 - Prob. 40ECh. 13 - The structural formula of acetone is shown in...Ch. 13 - Use structural formulas to show the reaction...Ch. 13 - (a) Give structural formulas for the three isomers...Ch. 13 - Prob. 44ECh. 13 - How does a plant obtain its carbohydrates and...Ch. 13 - What are the products of the oxidation of glucose?...Ch. 13 - What is believed to be the origin of atmospheric...Ch. 13 - The ultimate source of the energy in food is the...Ch. 13 - Why are unsaturated fats liquid at room...Ch. 13 - Why do plants need nitrogen? Why can they not use...Ch. 13 - What are the basic structural units of proteins?...Ch. 13 - How many letters are there in the genetic code by...Ch. 13 - What change in a gene is involved in a mutation?...Ch. 13 - To which class of organic compounds do most of the...
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- Use the following information to answer the next two questions. A laser is directed at a prism made of zircon (n = 1.92) at an incident angle of 35.0°, as shown in the diagram. 3a) Determine the critical angle of zircon. 35.0° 70° 55 55° 3b) Determine the angle of refraction when the laser beam leaves the prism.arrow_forwardNo chatgpt pls will upvotearrow_forwardA beam of alpha-particles of energy 7.3MeV is used.The protons emitted at an angle of zero degree are found to have energy of 9.34MeV.Find the Q-value of this reaction .arrow_forward
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