Chapter 13, Problem 3SQ

a.

Summary Introduction

To describe: The location of the chemoreceptors that respond to elevated carbon dioxide levels and those that respond to low oxygen levels.

Concept introduction: The chemical factor that controls the respiratory pattern and the gas exchange is known as respiratory chemoreceptor. The chemoreceptors change the carbon dioxide level, hydrogen ion level, and the level of oxygen in blood and cerebrospinal fluid.

b.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The gas that creates the primary respiratory drive under normal circumstances.

Concept introduction: The chemical factors that control the respiratory pattern and the gas exchange are known as respiratory chemoreceptor. The chemoreceptors change the carbon dioxide level, hydrogen ion level, and the level of oxygen in blood and cerebrospinal fluid.