EBK BIOLOGY
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780100667976
Author: Maier
Publisher: YUZU
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Chapter 13, Problem 3AAATB
Support for the endosymbiotic theory for the evolution of eukaryotic groups includes that chloroplasts and mitochondria are surrounded by two membranes, one that derives presumably from the bacterial symbiont and one that derives from the host cell’s vacuole that originally surrounded it. Interestingly, some algal phyla, for instance the Euglenophyta, contain chloroplasts composed of three membranes. Given your understanding of endosymbiosis, how do you think this extra membrane may have evolved?
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DNA sequence data for a diplomonad, a euglenid, a plant, and an unidentified protist suggest that the unidentified species is most closely related to the diplomonad. Further studies reveal that the unknown species has fully functional mitochondria. Based on these data, at what point on the phylogenetic tree in Figure 1 did the mystery protist’s lineage probably diverge from other eukaryote lineages? Explain.
According to the endosymbiotic theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells, how did chloroplasts originate?
-by tertiary endosymbiosis
-through secondary endosymbiosis
-from the nuclear envelope folding outward and forming mitochondrial membranes
-from infoldings of the plasma membrane, coupled with mutations of genes for oxygen-using metabolism
-through primary endosymbiosis
In lecture, we discussed the endosymbiont theory that describes the evolutionary
origins of mitochondria and chloroplast. A few scientists think that peroxisomes also
have an endosymbiotic evolutionary origin, although most scientists disagree with
this hypothesis. Which of the following hypothetical discoveries would provide
support for the hypothesis that peroxisomes evolved from bacteria?
Discovering that eukaryotic cells cannot live without peroxisomes.
All of these hypothetical discoveries would provide support for the hypothesis
that peroxisomes have an endosymbiotic evolutionary origin.
Identifying the presence of DNA within peroxisomes.
Determining that the majority of proteins in peroxisomes have eukaryotic origin.
Chapter 13 Solutions
EBK BIOLOGY
Ch. 13 - How many different species have been identified by...Ch. 13 - Plants experienced an adaptive radiation after the...Ch. 13 - How are hypotheses about the evolutionary...Ch. 13 - Which of the following kingdoms or domains is a...Ch. 13 - Comparisons of ribosomal RNA among many different...Ch. 13 - On examining cells under a microscope, you notice...Ch. 13 - The mitochondria in a eukaryotic cell ___________....Ch. 13 - Prob. 8LTBCh. 13 - Prob. 9LTBCh. 13 - Phylogenies are created based on the principle...
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- Explain why evolutionary biologists are interested in choanoflagellates, green algae, and organisms with mitochondria whose genomes resemble those of bacteriaarrow_forwardDescribe the features of mitochondria and chloroplasts that support the endosymbiotic theory.arrow_forwardAlgae are autotrophs and can have photosynthesis, however, evolutionary evidence suggests that plants shared a common ancestor with only green algae and are closest relatives of Charophytes. What evidences support this statement? How an algal cell is different from fungal cells, even if both are eukaryotes? Why slime mold is a protist not a fungus even if it does not have chloroplast?arrow_forward
- What evidence supports the hypothesis that mitochondria preceded plastids in the evolution of Eukaryotes cells?arrow_forwardEukaryotic cells can be detected at latest mid-way through the Proterozoic, and multicellular eukaryotes not long after – but there is a curious lag before the radiation of multicellular eukaryotic groups. We discussed two possible reasons for this. Explain both. Why might an early arrival of lichens on land explain aspects of both of those possibilities?arrow_forwardThe endosymbiont theory states that mitochondria andchloroplasts evolved from symbiotic relationshipsestablished between bacteria-like cells and theprecursors of eukaryotic cells that engulfed them on what basisarrow_forward
- Evolution of Photosynthetic Organisms Algae are autotrophs and can have photosynthesis, however, evolutionary evidence suggests that plants shared a common ancestor with only green algae and are closest relatives of Charophytes. What evidences support this statement? How an algal cell is different from fungal cells, even if both are eukaryotes? Why slime mold is a protist not a fungus even if it does not have chloroplast? Renlyarrow_forwardThe fossil record suggests that the first cells were prokaryotes; scientists believe that eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells in a particular manner; this theory is called endosymbiotic theory. Explain,in your own words what is meant by the endosymbiotic theory How does the structure of mitochondria and chloroplasts support the endosymbiotic theory ? asap please.arrow_forwardEvidence indicating the chloroplasts were originally free-living prokaryotes that subsequently evolved a symbiotic relationship with a eukaryotic host includes all of the following except: Ability of chloroplasts to synthesize all their own proteins Presence of circular DNA in chloroplasts and in free-living prokaryotes Similarities of rRNA sequences between chloroplasts and free-living prokaryotes Similarities of structures between chloroplasts and some contemporary free-living prokaryotes Carrow_forward
- The prtists that causes malaria evolved from a photosynthetic ancestor and has the remnant of a chloroplast. The organelle no longer functions in photosynthesis, but it remains essential to the protist. Why might targeting this organelle yield an antimalarial drug that produces minimal side effects in humans?arrow_forwardMolecular fossils further indicate the presence of ciliates and dinoflagellates in the emerging eukaryotic world and show that algae were expanding to become major photosynthesizers in the oceans. How can we explain this diversification?arrow_forwardNow imagine that you are pretty wimpy ancestral eukaryotic cell, incapable of either cellular respiration or photosynthesis. Writing in the first person (from the "" perspective), please describe the evolutionary process by which you and your offspring ultimately evolved into the first amazing plant cell, which was capable of BOTH cellular respiration and photosynthesis. In your response, be sure to demonstrate your understanding of the following: the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, the major cellular organelles, natural selection, the basic structure and function of mitochondria and chloroplasts, as well as the types of macromolecules that make up these organelles.arrow_forward
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