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What are homologous chromosomes?
a. chromosomes that are similar in their size, shape, and gene content
b. similar chromosomes that are found in different individuals of the same species
c. the two “threads” in a replicated chromosome (they are identical copies)
d. the products of crossing over, which contain a combination of segments from maternal chromosomes and segments from paternal chromosomes
Introduction:
Chromosomes are the thread-like structure that carries the genetic information of an organism. They are made up of nucleic acids and proteins and are found in the nucleus of most of the living cells.
Answer to Problem 2TYK
Correct answer:
Homologous chromosomes are the chromosomes that are similar in their shape, size and gene content.
Explanation of Solution
Explanation for the correct answer:
Option (a) is given that the chromosomes similar in their size, shape, and gene content. Homologous chromosomes contain one chromosome from the maternal side and one chromosome from the paternal side that have the tendency to pair up with each other during the process of the meiosis. In homologous chromosomes equal number of genes are present at the equal at same corresponding position in the chromosomes. It is important to note that these chromosomes are similar and are not considered to be identical. Hence, option (a) is correct.
Explanation for incorrect answers:
Option (b) is given that similar chromosomes that are found in different individuals of the same species. The homologous chromosomes are specifically similar to each other in size, shape, and gene content. So, it is a wrong answer.
Option (c) is given that the two threads in a replicated chromosome. The sister chromatid is the identical duplicates, which are produced by the replication of the chromosomes. They are fused together at the same centromere and are homologous chromatids and not the homologous chromosomes. So, it is a wrong answer.
Option (d) is given that a product of the crossing over, which contain a combination of the segments from the maternal chromosomes and segments from the paternal chromosomes. Homologous chromosomes are not the product of the crossing over instead crossing over takes place in between the homologous chromosomes. So, it is a wrong answer.
Hence, options (b), (c), and (d) are incorrect.
Thus, it can be concluded that the chromosomes having the same shape, size, and genetic content are known as homologous chromosomes or homologs.
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Chapter 13 Solutions
Biological Science
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