Concept explainers
Ganymede is the largest of Jupiter’s moons. Consider a rocket on the surface of Ganymede, at the point farthest from the planet (Fig. P13.23). Model the rocket as a particle. (a) Does the presence of Ganymede make Jupiter exert a larger, smaller, or same size force on the rocket compared with the force it would exert if Ganymede were not interposed? (b) Determine the escape speed for the rocket from the planet–satellite system. The radius of Ganymede is 2.64 × 106 m, and its mass is 1.495 × 1023 kg. The distance between Jupiter and Ganymede is 1.071 × 109 m, and the mass of Jupiter is 1.90 × 1027 kg. Ignore the motion of Jupiter and Ganymede as they revolve about their center of mass.
Figure P13.23
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 13 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics
- Rick is an Aerospace Engineer at NASA’s Jet Propulsions Laboratory (JPL), and is designing the next mission to Pluto called “New Horizons 2: The Sequel". This time Rick plans to study Pluto's largest moon Charon. Charon has a mass of 1.586 ×1021 kg and a mean radius of 606 km, and might have a nitrogenous atmosphere (N2) just like Pluto. If, for a massive object to have an atmosphere its escape speed must be 12 times greater than the root-mean- square (rms) velocity of the gas (otherwise the gas will slowly leak away over time), what is the maximum temperature that Charon can have and still have a nitrogenous atmosphere? [Charon has a temperature of -281 °C = 55 K, day or night.]arrow_forwardTwo spherical asteroids have the same radius R. Asteroid 1 has mass M and asteroid 2 has mass 2M. The two asteroids are released from rest with distance 10R between their centers. What is the speed of each asteroid just before they collide? Hint: You will need to use two conservation laws.arrow_forwardConsider a planet that has two layers. There is a core, which has density 9.9 x 103 kg/m3 and radius 3.9 x 106 m, and then there is a crust, which has density 4.9 x 103 kg/m3 and sits on top of the core. The planet has a total radius of 16.9 x 106 m. Calculate the acceleration due to gravity at the surface of this planet, in N/kg. Use G = 6.7 x 10-11 N m2/ kg2. (Please answer to the fourth decimal place - i.e 14.3225)arrow_forward
- A team of astronauts is on a mission to land on and explore a large asteroid. In addition to collecting samples and performing experiments, one of their tasks is to demonstrate the concept of the escape speed by throwing rocks straight up at various initial speeds. With what minimum initial speed ?escvesc will the rocks need to be thrown in order for them never to "fall" back to the asteroid? Assume that the asteroid is approximately spherical, with an average density ?=4.10×106 g/m3ρ=4.10×106 g/m3 and volume ?=1.25×1012 m3V=1.25×1012 m3 . Recall that the universal gravitational constant is ?=6.67×10−11 N·m2/kg2G=6.67×10−11 N·m2/kg2 .arrow_forwardEarth’s escape velocity is 11 km/s at its surface. An unknown planet has a mass that is 100 times Earth’s mass and a radius that is 4 times Earth’s radius. Calculate the escape velocity at the surface of an unknown planet.arrow_forwardA team of astronauts is on a mission to land on and explore a large asteroid. In addition to collecting samples and performing experiments, one of their tasks is to demonstrate the concept of the escape speed by throwing rocks straight up at various initial speeds. Assume that the asteroid is approximately spherical, with an average density p = 3.06 × 106 g/m³ and volume V = 1.25 × 10¹² m³. Recall that the universal gravitational constant is G = 6.67 × 10¯¹¹ N·m²/kg². With what minimum initial speed Vese will the rocks need to be thrown in order for them never to fall back to the asteroid? Vesc = m/sarrow_forward
- The average density of the planet Uranus is 1.27 x 103 kg/m3. The ratio of the mass of Neptune to that of Uranus is 1.19. The ratio of the radius of Neptune to that of Uranus is 0.969. Find the average density of Neptune.arrow_forwardThe average density of the planet Uranus is 1.27 103 kg/m3. The ratio of the mass of Neptune to that of Uranus is 1.19. The ratio of the radius of Neptune to that of Uranus is 0.969. Find the average density of Neptune.arrow_forwardA team of astronauts is on a mission to land on and explore a large asteroid. In addition to collecting samples and performing experiments, one of their tasks is to demonstrate the concept of the escape speed by throwing rocks straight up at various initial speeds. With what minimum initial speed vesc will the rocks need to be thrown in order for them never to "fall" back to the asteroid? Assume that the asteroid is approximately spherical, with an average density ? = 2.67 × 106 g/m3 and volume V =1.71 × 1012 m3. Recall that the universal gravitational constant is G = 6.67 × 10-11 (Nm2)/(kg2).arrow_forward
- A 2660-kg spacecraft is in a circular orbit 1540 km above the surface of Mars. How much work must the spacecraft engines perform to move the spacecraft to a circular orbit that is 4500 km above the surface? Express your answer to three significant figures.arrow_forwardCalculate the escape velocity from the surface of a world with mass 7.40 x 10^24kg and radius 7.00 x 10^3arrow_forwardA 0.872 km diameter asteroid will make a crater about 10 km in diameter. Let the asteroid have a density of 3000 kg/m3 and impact the surface at 22 km/sec. Assuming a spherical asteroid, what is the kinetic energy (in joule) of the asteroid? Convert the answer to megatons of TNT, where 1 megaton is about 4 × 1015 joule. For comparison, the most energetic weapon in the human arsenal is about 100 megatons.arrow_forward
- Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningPhysics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...PhysicsISBN:9781133939146Author:Katz, Debora M.Publisher:Cengage LearningUniversity Physics Volume 1PhysicsISBN:9781938168277Author:William Moebs, Samuel J. Ling, Jeff SannyPublisher:OpenStax - Rice University