A gene is a set of nucleotides that code for a particular protein. Gene expression causes the synthesis of a protein. The gene expression is regulated in controlled way depending on the requirement of the cell. For example, proteins involved in cell division are synthesized prior to the cell division. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes have differential gene expression in order to suit the specific needs of the cell.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 1TYU

Summary Introduction

Introduction: A gene is a set of nucleotides that code for a particular protein. Gene expression causes the synthesis of a protein. The gene expression is regulated in controlled way depending on the requirement of the cell. For example, proteins involved in cell division are synthesized prior to the cell division. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes have differential gene expression in order to suit the specific needs of the cell.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer: Beadle and Tatum studied the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora. Hence, the correct answer is option (e).

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer.

Option (e) is given as “studied the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora”.

Beadle and Tatum took thousands of haploid wild-type Neurospora and exposed their spores to X-rays or ultraviolet radiation to produce mutant strains. Then, the mutant strain is tested and identified that the actual enzymatic step is blocked due to the mutant gene that prevents the production of chemical which is essential for growth. The experiment of Neurospora exposed that each mutant strain had a particular mutation in only one gene and the gene mainly affects one enzyme-catalyzed chemical reaction. Beadle and Tatum proposed one gene-one enzyme hypothesis and this explains the one-to-one correspondence between genes and enzymes.

Hence, the correct answer is option (e).

Reasons for incorrect answers.

Option (a) is given as, “predicted that tRNA molecules would have anticodons”. At the time of Beadle and Tatum experiment, the hypothesis about tRNA is not given. Hence, option (a) is incorrect.

Option (b) is given as, “discovered the genetic disease alkaptonuria”. Physician and biochemist Archibald Garrod discovered the genetic disease alkaptonuria. Hence, option (b) is incorrect.

Option (c) is given as, “showed that the genetic disease sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in a single amino acid in a hemoglobin polypeptide chain”. Linus Pauling, a chemist in United States (U.S.) showed that the genetic disease sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in a single amino acid in a hemoglobin polypeptide chain. Hence, option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) is given as, “worked out the genetic code”. Beadle and Tatum is not associated with the experiment of genetic coding. Hence, option (d) is incorrect.

Hence, the options (a), (b), (c), and (d) are incorrect.

Conclusion

In the early 1940s, a new approach is developed about understanding the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora by the experiment of U.S. geneticists George Beadle, Edward Tatum, and their associates.

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After you feel comfortable with your counting method and identifying cells in the various stages of mitosis, use the four images below of whitefish blastula to count the cells in each stage until you reach 100 total cells, recording your data below in Data Table 1. (You may not need to use all four images. Stop counting when you reach 100 total cells.) After totaling the cells in each stage, calculate the percent of cells in each stage. (Divide total of stage by overall total of 100 and then multiply by 100 to obtain percentage.) Data Table 1Stage Totals PercentInterphase Mitosis: Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis Totals 100 100% To find the length of time whitefish blastula cells spend in each stage, multiply the percent (recorded as a decimal, in other words take the percent number and divide by 100) by 24 hours. (Example: If percent is 20%, then Time in Hours = .2 * 24 = 4.8) Record your data in Data…

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 1TYU

Summary Introduction

Introduction: A gene is a set of nucleotides that code for a particular protein. Gene expression causes the synthesis of a protein. The gene expression is regulated in controlled way depending on the requirement of the cell. For example, proteins involved in cell division are synthesized prior to the cell division. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes have differential gene expression in order to suit the specific needs of the cell.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer: Beadle and Tatum studied the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora. Hence, the correct answer is option (e).

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer.

Option (e) is given as “studied the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora”.

Beadle and Tatum took thousands of haploid wild-type Neurospora and exposed their spores to X-rays or ultraviolet radiation to produce mutant strains. Then, the mutant strain is tested and identified that the actual enzymatic step is blocked due to the mutant gene that prevents the production of chemical which is essential for growth. The experiment of Neurospora exposed that each mutant strain had a particular mutation in only one gene and the gene mainly affects one enzyme-catalyzed chemical reaction. Beadle and Tatum proposed one gene-one enzyme hypothesis and this explains the one-to-one correspondence between genes and enzymes.

Hence, the correct answer is option (e).

Reasons for incorrect answers.

Option (a) is given as, “predicted that tRNA molecules would have anticodons”. At the time of Beadle and Tatum experiment, the hypothesis about tRNA is not given. Hence, option (a) is incorrect.

Option (b) is given as, “discovered the genetic disease alkaptonuria”. Physician and biochemist Archibald Garrod discovered the genetic disease alkaptonuria. Hence, option (b) is incorrect.

Option (c) is given as, “showed that the genetic disease sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in a single amino acid in a hemoglobin polypeptide chain”. Linus Pauling, a chemist in United States (U.S.) showed that the genetic disease sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in a single amino acid in a hemoglobin polypeptide chain. Hence, option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) is given as, “worked out the genetic code”. Beadle and Tatum is not associated with the experiment of genetic coding. Hence, option (d) is incorrect.

Hence, the options (a), (b), (c), and (d) are incorrect.

Conclusion

In the early 1940s, a new approach is developed about understanding the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora by the experiment of U.S. geneticists George Beadle, Edward Tatum, and their associates.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 1TYU

Summary Introduction

Introduction: A gene is a set of nucleotides that code for a particular protein. Gene expression causes the synthesis of a protein. The gene expression is regulated in controlled way depending on the requirement of the cell. For example, proteins involved in cell division are synthesized prior to the cell division. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes have differential gene expression in order to suit the specific needs of the cell.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer: Beadle and Tatum studied the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora. Hence, the correct answer is option (e).

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer.

Option (e) is given as “studied the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora”.

Beadle and Tatum took thousands of haploid wild-type Neurospora and exposed their spores to X-rays or ultraviolet radiation to produce mutant strains. Then, the mutant strain is tested and identified that the actual enzymatic step is blocked due to the mutant gene that prevents the production of chemical which is essential for growth. The experiment of Neurospora exposed that each mutant strain had a particular mutation in only one gene and the gene mainly affects one enzyme-catalyzed chemical reaction. Beadle and Tatum proposed one gene-one enzyme hypothesis and this explains the one-to-one correspondence between genes and enzymes.

Hence, the correct answer is option (e).

Reasons for incorrect answers.

Option (a) is given as, “predicted that tRNA molecules would have anticodons”. At the time of Beadle and Tatum experiment, the hypothesis about tRNA is not given. Hence, option (a) is incorrect.

Option (b) is given as, “discovered the genetic disease alkaptonuria”. Physician and biochemist Archibald Garrod discovered the genetic disease alkaptonuria. Hence, option (b) is incorrect.

Option (c) is given as, “showed that the genetic disease sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in a single amino acid in a hemoglobin polypeptide chain”. Linus Pauling, a chemist in United States (U.S.) showed that the genetic disease sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in a single amino acid in a hemoglobin polypeptide chain. Hence, option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) is given as, “worked out the genetic code”. Beadle and Tatum is not associated with the experiment of genetic coding. Hence, option (d) is incorrect.

Hence, the options (a), (b), (c), and (d) are incorrect.

Conclusion

In the early 1940s, a new approach is developed about understanding the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora by the experiment of U.S. geneticists George Beadle, Edward Tatum, and their associates.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 1TYU

Summary Introduction

Introduction: A gene is a set of nucleotides that code for a particular protein. Gene expression causes the synthesis of a protein. The gene expression is regulated in controlled way depending on the requirement of the cell. For example, proteins involved in cell division are synthesized prior to the cell division. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes have differential gene expression in order to suit the specific needs of the cell.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer: Beadle and Tatum studied the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora. Hence, the correct answer is option (e).

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer.

Option (e) is given as “studied the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora”.

Beadle and Tatum took thousands of haploid wild-type Neurospora and exposed their spores to X-rays or ultraviolet radiation to produce mutant strains. Then, the mutant strain is tested and identified that the actual enzymatic step is blocked due to the mutant gene that prevents the production of chemical which is essential for growth. The experiment of Neurospora exposed that each mutant strain had a particular mutation in only one gene and the gene mainly affects one enzyme-catalyzed chemical reaction. Beadle and Tatum proposed one gene-one enzyme hypothesis and this explains the one-to-one correspondence between genes and enzymes.

Hence, the correct answer is option (e).

Reasons for incorrect answers.

Option (a) is given as, “predicted that tRNA molecules would have anticodons”. At the time of Beadle and Tatum experiment, the hypothesis about tRNA is not given. Hence, option (a) is incorrect.

Option (b) is given as, “discovered the genetic disease alkaptonuria”. Physician and biochemist Archibald Garrod discovered the genetic disease alkaptonuria. Hence, option (b) is incorrect.

Option (c) is given as, “showed that the genetic disease sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in a single amino acid in a hemoglobin polypeptide chain”. Linus Pauling, a chemist in United States (U.S.) showed that the genetic disease sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in a single amino acid in a hemoglobin polypeptide chain. Hence, option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) is given as, “worked out the genetic code”. Beadle and Tatum is not associated with the experiment of genetic coding. Hence, option (d) is incorrect.

Hence, the options (a), (b), (c), and (d) are incorrect.

Conclusion

In the early 1940s, a new approach is developed about understanding the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora by the experiment of U.S. geneticists George Beadle, Edward Tatum, and their associates.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 13, Problem 1TYU

Summary Introduction

Introduction: A gene is a set of nucleotides that code for a particular protein. Gene expression causes the synthesis of a protein. The gene expression is regulated in controlled way depending on the requirement of the cell. For example, proteins involved in cell division are synthesized prior to the cell division. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes have differential gene expression in order to suit the specific needs of the cell.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer: Beadle and Tatum studied the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora. Hence, the correct answer is option (e).

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer.

Option (e) is given as “studied the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora”.

Beadle and Tatum took thousands of haploid wild-type Neurospora and exposed their spores to X-rays or ultraviolet radiation to produce mutant strains. Then, the mutant strain is tested and identified that the actual enzymatic step is blocked due to the mutant gene that prevents the production of chemical which is essential for growth. The experiment of Neurospora exposed that each mutant strain had a particular mutation in only one gene and the gene mainly affects one enzyme-catalyzed chemical reaction. Beadle and Tatum proposed one gene-one enzyme hypothesis and this explains the one-to-one correspondence between genes and enzymes.

Hence, the correct answer is option (e).

Reasons for incorrect answers.

Option (a) is given as, “predicted that tRNA molecules would have anticodons”. At the time of Beadle and Tatum experiment, the hypothesis about tRNA is not given. Hence, option (a) is incorrect.

Option (b) is given as, “discovered the genetic disease alkaptonuria”. Physician and biochemist Archibald Garrod discovered the genetic disease alkaptonuria. Hence, option (b) is incorrect.

Option (c) is given as, “showed that the genetic disease sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in a single amino acid in a hemoglobin polypeptide chain”. Linus Pauling, a chemist in United States (U.S.) showed that the genetic disease sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in a single amino acid in a hemoglobin polypeptide chain. Hence, option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) is given as, “worked out the genetic code”. Beadle and Tatum is not associated with the experiment of genetic coding. Hence, option (d) is incorrect.

Hence, the options (a), (b), (c), and (d) are incorrect.

Conclusion

In the early 1940s, a new approach is developed about understanding the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora by the experiment of U.S. geneticists George Beadle, Edward Tatum, and their associates.

Answer 6

Chapter 13, Problem 1TYU

Summary Introduction

Introduction: A gene is a set of nucleotides that code for a particular protein. Gene expression causes the synthesis of a protein. The gene expression is regulated in controlled way depending on the requirement of the cell. For example, proteins involved in cell division are synthesized prior to the cell division. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes have differential gene expression in order to suit the specific needs of the cell.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer: Beadle and Tatum studied the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora. Hence, the correct answer is option (e).

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer.

Option (e) is given as “studied the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora”.

Beadle and Tatum took thousands of haploid wild-type Neurospora and exposed their spores to X-rays or ultraviolet radiation to produce mutant strains. Then, the mutant strain is tested and identified that the actual enzymatic step is blocked due to the mutant gene that prevents the production of chemical which is essential for growth. The experiment of Neurospora exposed that each mutant strain had a particular mutation in only one gene and the gene mainly affects one enzyme-catalyzed chemical reaction. Beadle and Tatum proposed one gene-one enzyme hypothesis and this explains the one-to-one correspondence between genes and enzymes.

Hence, the correct answer is option (e).

Reasons for incorrect answers.

Option (a) is given as, “predicted that tRNA molecules would have anticodons”. At the time of Beadle and Tatum experiment, the hypothesis about tRNA is not given. Hence, option (a) is incorrect.

Option (b) is given as, “discovered the genetic disease alkaptonuria”. Physician and biochemist Archibald Garrod discovered the genetic disease alkaptonuria. Hence, option (b) is incorrect.

Option (c) is given as, “showed that the genetic disease sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in a single amino acid in a hemoglobin polypeptide chain”. Linus Pauling, a chemist in United States (U.S.) showed that the genetic disease sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in a single amino acid in a hemoglobin polypeptide chain. Hence, option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) is given as, “worked out the genetic code”. Beadle and Tatum is not associated with the experiment of genetic coding. Hence, option (d) is incorrect.

Hence, the options (a), (b), (c), and (d) are incorrect.

Conclusion

In the early 1940s, a new approach is developed about understanding the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora by the experiment of U.S. geneticists George Beadle, Edward Tatum, and their associates.

Answer 7

Chapter 13, Problem 1TYU

Summary Introduction

Introduction: A gene is a set of nucleotides that code for a particular protein. Gene expression causes the synthesis of a protein. The gene expression is regulated in controlled way depending on the requirement of the cell. For example, proteins involved in cell division are synthesized prior to the cell division. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes have differential gene expression in order to suit the specific needs of the cell.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer: Beadle and Tatum studied the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora. Hence, the correct answer is option (e).

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer.

Option (e) is given as “studied the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora”.

Beadle and Tatum took thousands of haploid wild-type Neurospora and exposed their spores to X-rays or ultraviolet radiation to produce mutant strains. Then, the mutant strain is tested and identified that the actual enzymatic step is blocked due to the mutant gene that prevents the production of chemical which is essential for growth. The experiment of Neurospora exposed that each mutant strain had a particular mutation in only one gene and the gene mainly affects one enzyme-catalyzed chemical reaction. Beadle and Tatum proposed one gene-one enzyme hypothesis and this explains the one-to-one correspondence between genes and enzymes.

Hence, the correct answer is option (e).

Reasons for incorrect answers.

Option (a) is given as, “predicted that tRNA molecules would have anticodons”. At the time of Beadle and Tatum experiment, the hypothesis about tRNA is not given. Hence, option (a) is incorrect.

Option (b) is given as, “discovered the genetic disease alkaptonuria”. Physician and biochemist Archibald Garrod discovered the genetic disease alkaptonuria. Hence, option (b) is incorrect.

Option (c) is given as, “showed that the genetic disease sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in a single amino acid in a hemoglobin polypeptide chain”. Linus Pauling, a chemist in United States (U.S.) showed that the genetic disease sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in a single amino acid in a hemoglobin polypeptide chain. Hence, option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) is given as, “worked out the genetic code”. Beadle and Tatum is not associated with the experiment of genetic coding. Hence, option (d) is incorrect.

Hence, the options (a), (b), (c), and (d) are incorrect.

Answer 12

Conclusion

In the early 1940s, a new approach is developed about understanding the relationship between genes and enzymes in Neurospora by the experiment of U.S. geneticists George Beadle, Edward Tatum, and their associates.

Answer 13

Ch. 13.1 - Summarize the early evidence indicating that some...Ch. 13.1 - Describe how Beadle and Tatums experiments...Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 1C Ch. 13.1 - How did the work of each of the following...Ch. 13.2 - Outline the flow of genetic information in cells,...Ch. 13.2 - Compare the structures of DNA and RNA.Ch. 13.2 - Explain why the genetic code is said to be...Ch. 13.2 - VISUALIZE Sketch a simple flow diagram that shows...Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 2C Ch. 13.3 - Compare the processes of transcription and DNA...

Concept explainers

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Explanation of Solution

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Chapter 13 Solutions