Financial And Managerial Accounting
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781337902663
Author: WARREN, Carl S.
Publisher: Cengage Learning,
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Chapter 13, Problem 1TIF
Ethics in Action
Head Donuts Inc. is a retailer of designer headphones, earphones, and hands-free audio devices. Polly Ester, the company president, is reviewing the company’s financial statements after the close of the fiscal year and is troubled that earnings decreased by 10%. She shares her concerns with the company’s chief accountant, Lucas Simmons, who points out that the drop in earnings was balanced by a 20% increase in
Is Lucas behaving in an ethical and professional manner? Explain your answer.
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Nancy Thomas is the chief accountant at Company C, a manufacturer of medical equipment. The company is under pressure from creditors to increase its earnings. Shortly after the end of the fiscal year, the company performed a physical count of the inventory. A significant amount of inventory shrinkage was discovered. The amount is so large that it will result in a significant drop in earnings this period. The decrease in earnings will hurt the company's chance at getting a much needed loan at a low interest rate. Nancy is thinking of not reporting the shrinkage until next period, after the company gets its loan.
What should Nancy do in this situation? Why?
Company E is a retailer of commercial and residential plumbing products. Steven Owens, the company’s staff accountant, is in the process of making year-end adjusting entries for uncollectible accounts receivable. Recently, the company has experienced an increase in accounts that have become uncollectible. As a result, Owens believes that the company should increase the percentage used for estimating doubtful accounts from 2% to 5% of credit sales. This change will significantly increase bad debt expense, resulting in a drop in earnings for the first time ever for the company. The company president, Thomas Williams, is under considerable pressure to meet the earnings goals for the fiscal year. He suggests to Steven that this is “not the proper time” to change the estimate. He instructs Steven to keep the estimate at 2%. Steven is confident that 2% is way too low, but he follows Thomas' instructions.
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Imagine that you are the financial analyst for XYZ Company. The organization is trying to determine why the collection of accounts receivable accounts has decreased by 30% over the last three months of this year.
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Chapter 13 Solutions
Financial And Managerial Accounting
Ch. 13 - What is the principal disadvantage of the direct...Ch. 13 - Prob. 2DQCh. 13 - A corporation issued 2,000,000 of common stock in...Ch. 13 - A retail business, using the accrual method of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 5DQCh. 13 - A long-term investment in bonds with a cost of...Ch. 13 - A corporation issued 2,000,000 of 20-year bonds...Ch. 13 - Fully depreciated equipment costing 50,000 was...Ch. 13 - Prob. 9DQCh. 13 - Name five common major classes of operating cash...
Ch. 13 - Classifying cash flows Identify whether each of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 2BECh. 13 - Prob. 3BECh. 13 - Cash flows from operating activitiesindirect...Ch. 13 - Land transactions on the statement of cash flows...Ch. 13 - Common stock transactions on the statement of cash...Ch. 13 - Prob. 7BECh. 13 - Appendix 2 Cash received from customersdirect...Ch. 13 - Appendix 2 Cash payments for merchandisedirect...Ch. 13 - Prob. 1ECh. 13 - Effect of transactions on cash flows State the...Ch. 13 - Classifying cash flows Identify the type of cash...Ch. 13 - Prob. 4ECh. 13 - Cash flows from operating activitiesindirect...Ch. 13 - Cash flows from operating activitiesindirect...Ch. 13 - Prob. 7ECh. 13 - Reporting changes in equipment on statement of...Ch. 13 - Reporting changes in equipment on statement of...Ch. 13 - Reporting land transactions on statement of cash...Ch. 13 - Determining cash payments to stockholders The...Ch. 13 - Prob. 12ECh. 13 - Reporting land acquisition for cash and mortgage...Ch. 13 - Reporting issuance and retirement of long-term...Ch. 13 - Prob. 15ECh. 13 - Prob. 16ECh. 13 - Statement of cash flowsindirect method The...Ch. 13 - Statement of cash flowsindirect method List the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 19ECh. 13 - Prob. 20ECh. 13 - Prob. 21ECh. 13 - Prob. 22ECh. 13 - Prob. 1PACh. 13 - Prob. 2PACh. 13 - Statement of cash flowsindirect method The...Ch. 13 - Statement of cash flowsdirect method The...Ch. 13 - Statement of cash flowsdirect method applied to PR...Ch. 13 - Prob. 1PBCh. 13 - Statement of cash flowsindirect method The...Ch. 13 - Statement of cash flowsindirect method The...Ch. 13 - Statement of cash flowsdirect method The...Ch. 13 - Statement of cash flowsdirect method applied to PR...Ch. 13 - Analyze and compare Amazon.com, Best Buy, and...Ch. 13 - Analyze and compare Apple, Coca-Cola, and Verizon...Ch. 13 - Prob. 3MADCh. 13 - Prob. 4MADCh. 13 - Prob. 5MADCh. 13 - Ethics in Action Head Donuts Inc. is a retailer of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 3TIFCh. 13 - Using the statement of cash flows You are...
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- Lucas Hunter, president of Simmons Industries Inc., believes that reporting operating cash flow per share on the income statement would be a useful addition to the companys just completed financial statements. The following discussion took place between Lucas Hunter and Simmons controller, John Jameson, in January, after the close of the fiscal year: Lucas: Ive been reviewing our financial statements for the last year. I am disappointed that our net income per share has dropped by 10% from last year. This wont look good to our shareholders. Is there anything we can do about this? John: What do you mean? The past is the past, and the numbers are in. There isnt much that can be done about it. Our financial statements were prepared according to generally accepted accounting principles, and I dont see much leeway for significant change at this point. Lucas: No, no. Im not suggesting that we cook the books. But look at the cash flow from operating activities on the statement of cash flows. The cash flow from operating activities has increased by 20%. This is very good newsand, I might add, useful information. The higher cash flow from operating activities will give our creditors comfort. John: Well, the cash flow from operating activities is on the statement of cash flows, so I guess users will be able to see the improved cash flow figures there. Lucas: This is true, but somehow I think this information should be given a much higher profile. I dont like this information being buried in the statement of cash flows. You know as well as I do that many users will focus on the income statement. Therefore, I think we ought to include an operating cash flow per share number on the face of the income statementsomeplace under the earnings per share number. In this way, users will get the complete picture of our operating performance. Yes, our earnings per share dropped this year, but our cash flow from operating activities improved! And all the information is in one place where users can see and compare the figures. What do you think? John: Ive never really thought about it like that before. I guess we could put the operating cash flow per share on the income statement, underneath the earnings per share amount. Users would really benefit from this disclosure. Thanks for the ideaIll start working on it. Lucas: Glad to be of service. How would you interpret this situation? Is John behaving in an ethical and professional manner?arrow_forwardCalifornia Cannery began in 2008 with a debit balance in Accounts Receivable $150,000 and a credit balance in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts for 7,500 for the year. During the year California Cannery sold 1,300,000 of product and collected 1,350,000 from customers. In addition, $4,000 of Accounts Receivable balance was written off as uncollectable during the year. Management uses the allowance method to account for bad debts and believes that ultimately 5% of the year-end balance in Accounts Receivable will not be collected. How much bad debt expenses will be recorded in 2008?arrow_forward3. You have found during the audit of sales transactions that several transactions recorded by the Font Company were orders from customers on the last few days of the year. However, due to typhoon at the year end, the good delivery was delayed and started immediately on the first few days of the next year. The transactions amounted to $10,000. The company has a net income of $250,000. 4. Your client, Harrison Automotive, has changed from straight-line to sum-of-the years' digits depreciation. The effect on this year's income is material. You believed the change aligns with change in usage pattern of the automobile. Discuss the most appropriate type of opinion the auditor should issue. Explain briefly the reason for the opinion.arrow_forward
- What should Nancy do in this situation?why?arrow_forwardConsider the following conversation between Leonard Bryner, president and manager of a firm engaged in job manufacturing, and Chuck Davis, certified management accountant, the firms controller. Leonard: Chuck, as you know, our firm has been losing market share over the past 3 years. We have been losing more and more bids, and I dont understand why. At first, I thought that other firms were undercutting simply to gain business, but after examining some of the public financial reports, I believe that they are making a reasonable rate of return. I am beginning to believe that our costs and costing methods are at fault. Chuck: I cant agree with that. We have good control over our costs. Like most firms in our industry, we use a normal job-costing system. I really dont see any significant waste in the plant. Leonard: After talking with some other managers at a recent industrial convention, Im not so sure that waste by itself is the issue. They talked about activity-based management, activity-based costing, and continuous improvement. They mentioned the use of something called activity drivers to assign overhead. They claimed that these new procedures can help to produce more efficiency in manufacturing, better control of overhead, and more accurate product costing. A big deal was made of eliminating activities that added no value. Maybe our bids are too high because these other firms have found ways to decrease their overhead costs and to increase the accuracy of their product costing. Chuck: I doubt it. For one thing, I dont see how we can increase product-costing accuracy. So many of our costs are indirect costs. Furthermore, everyone uses some measure of production activity to assign overhead costs. I imagine that what they are calling activity drivers is just some new buzzword for measures of production volume. Fads in costing come and go. I wouldnt worry about it. Ill bet that our problems with decreasing sales are temporary. You might recall that we experienced a similar problem about 12 years agoit was 2 years before it straightened out. Required: 1. Do you agree or disagree with Chuck Davis and the advice that he gave Leonard Bryner? Explain. 2. Was there anything wrong or unethical in the behavior that Chuck Davis displayed? Explain your reasoning. 3. Do you think that Chuck was well informedthat he was aware of the accounting implications of ABC and that he knew what was meant by cost drivers? Should he have been well informed? Review (in Chapter 1) the first category of the Statement of Ethical Professional Practice for management accountants. Do any of these standards apply in Chucks case?arrow_forwardGlencoe First National Bank operated for years under the assumption that profitability can be increased by increasing dollar volumes. Historically, First Nationals efforts were directed toward increasing total dollars of sales and total dollars of account balances. In recent years, however, First Nationals profits have been eroding. Increased competition, particularly from savings and loan institutions, was the cause of the difficulties. As key managers discussed the banks problems, it became apparent that they had no idea what their products were costing. Upon reflection, they realized that they had often made decisions to offer a new product which promised to increase dollar balances without any consideration of what it cost to provide the service. After some discussion, the bank decided to hire a consultant to compute the costs of three products: checking accounts, personal loans, and the gold VISA. The consultant identified the following activities, costs, and activity drivers (annual data): The following annual information on the three products was also made available: In light of the new cost information, Larry Roberts, the bank president, wanted to know whether a decision made two years ago to modify the banks checking account product was sound. At that time, the service charge was eliminated on accounts with an average annual balance greater than 1,000. Based on increases in the total dollars in checking, Larry was pleased with the new product. The checking account product is described as follows: (1) checking account balances greater than 500 earn interest of 2 percent per year, and (2) a service charge of 5 per month is charged for balances less than 1,000. The bank earns 4 percent on checking account deposits. Fifty percent of the accounts are less than 500 and have an average balance of 400 per account. Ten percent of the accounts are between 500 and 1,000 and average 750 per account. Twenty-five percent of the accounts are between 1,000 and 2,767; the average balance is 2,000. The remaining accounts carry a balance greater than 2,767. The average balance for these accounts is 5,000. Research indicates that the 2,000 category was by far the greatest contributor to the increase in dollar volume when the checking account product was modified two years ago. Required: 1. Calculate rates for each activity. 2. Using the rates computed in Requirement 1, calculate the cost of each product. 3. Evaluate the checking account product. Are all accounts profitable? Compute the average annual profitability per account for the four categories of accounts described in the problem. What recommendations would you make to increase the profitability of the checking account product? (Break-even analysis for the unprofitable categories may be helpful.)arrow_forward
- Aaron Rivers, CPA, is auditing the financial statements of Charger Company, a client for the past five years. During past audits of Charger, Rivers identified some immaterial misstatements (most of which relate to isolated matters and do not have common characteristics). A summary of these misstatements follows. (To illustrate, in 2015, the misstatements would have reduced net income by $13,200 if corrected:) Effect on Equity $ (13,200) 5,000 (9,250) (2,000) 1,000 Effect on Net Effect on Effect on Income $ (13,200) 5,000 (9,250) (2,000) 1,000 Year Assets Liabilities $ (20,000) 12,000 (11,000) (5,500) 1,000 $ (6,800) 7,000 (1,750) (3,500) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 During the most recent audit, Rivers concluded that service revenue totaling $11,000 was recognized as of December 31, 2020 and it did not meet the criteria for recognition until 2021. When Rivers discussed this issue with Chris Turner, Charger Company's chief financial officer, Turner asked Rivers about the performance…arrow_forwardBud Lighting Co. is a retailer of commercial and residential lighting products. Gowen Geter, the company’s chief accountant, is in the process of making year-end adjusting entries for uncollectible accounts receivable. In recent years, the company has experienced an increase in accounts that have become uncollectible. As a result, Gowen believes that the company should increase the percentage used for estimating doubtful accounts from 2% to 4% of credit sales. This change will significantly increase bad debt expense, resulting in a drop in earnings for the first time in company history. The company president, Tim Burr, is under considerable pressure to meet earnings goals. He suggests that this is “not the right time” to change the estimate. He instructs Gowen to keep the estimate at 2%. Gowen is confident that 2% is too low, but he follows Tim’s instructions. Evaluate the decision to use the lower percentage to improve earnings. How would raising the percentage change the financial…arrow_forwardKrispy Kreme was involved in an accounting fraud where the company reported false quarterly and annual earnings and falsely claimed that, as a result of those earnings, it had achieved what had become a prime benchmark of its historical performance, that is, reporting quarterly earnings per share that exceeded its previously announced EPS guidance by 1¢. One method used to report higher earnings was to ship two or three times more doughnuts to franchisees than ordered in order to meet monthly quotas. Would you characterize what Krispy Kreme did as earnings management? Explain.arrow_forward
- Rachel Warren, an auditor with Laplante CPAs, is performing a review of Skysong, Inc.’s inventory account. Skysong, did not have a good year, and top management is under pressure to boost reported income. According to its records, the inventory balance at year-end was $748,000. However, the following information was not considered when determining that amount.Prepare a schedule to determine the correct inventory amount. (If an amount reduces the account balance then enter with a negative sign preceding the number , e.g. -15,000, or parenthesis e.g. (15,000). Enter 0 if there is no effect.) Ending inventory-as reported $enter a dollar amount 1. Included in the company’s count were goods with a cost of $337,000 that the company is holding on consignment. The goods belong to Harmon Corporation. enter a dollar amount 2. The physical count did not include goods purchased by Skysong, with a cost of $47,000 that were shipped FOB…arrow_forwardWolford Department Store is located in midtown Metropolis. During the past several years, net income has been declining because suburban shopping centers have been attracting business away from city areas. At the end of the company’s fiscal year on November 30, 2017, these accounts appeared in its adjusted trial balance. Accounts Payable $ 34,304 Accounts Receivable 22,016 Accumulated Depreciation—Equipment 87,040 Cash 10,240 Common Stock 44,800 Cost of Goods Sold 786,304 Freight-Out 7,936 Equipment 200,960 Depreciation Expense 17,280 Dividends 15,360 Gain on Disposal of Plant Assets 2,560 Income Tax Expense 12,800 Insurance Expense 11,520 Interest Expense 6,400 Inventory 33,536 Notes Payable 55,680 Prepaid Insurance 7,680 Advertising Expense 42,880 Rent Expense 43,520 Retained Earnings 18,176 Salaries and Wages Expense 149,760 Sales Revenue 1,157,120 Salaries and Wages Payable 7,680 Sales…arrow_forwardWolford Department Store is located in midtown Metropolis. During the past several years, net income has been declining because suburban shopping centers have been attracting business away from city areas. At the end of the company’s fiscal year on November 30, 2017, these accounts appeared in its adjusted trial balance. Accounts Payable $ 34,304 Accounts Receivable 22,016 Accumulated Depreciation—Equipment 87,040 Cash 10,240 Common Stock 44,800 Cost of Goods Sold 786,304 Freight-Out 7,936 Equipment 200,960 Depreciation Expense 17,280 Dividends 15,360 Gain on Disposal of Plant Assets 2,560 Income Tax Expense 12,800 Insurance Expense 11,520 Interest Expense 6,400 Inventory 33,536 Notes Payable 55,680 Prepaid Insurance 7,680 Advertising Expense 42,880 Rent Expense 43,520 Retained Earnings 18,176 Salaries and Wages Expense 149,760 Sales Revenue 1,157,120 Salaries and Wages Payable 7,680 Sales…arrow_forward
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