EBK INQUIRY TO LIFE - ACCESS CARD
16th Edition
ISBN: 9781260918403
Author: Mader
Publisher: INTER MCG
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Chapter 13, Problem 1TC
Some organisms, such as invertebrates, have no lymphocytes and thus lack an adaptive system, but they have some components of an innate immune system, including phagocytes and certain protective proteins. What are some general features of innate immunity that make it very valuable to organisms lacking more specific antibody- and cell-mediated responses? What are some disadvantages to having only an innate immune system?
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What distinguishes constitutive resistance from an induced response? What is the difference between innate and acquired immunity? What evidence is there that acquired immunity exists in organisms other than vertebrates.
Which of the following describes the self-tolerance of adaptive immunity?
A) a given immune response acts against a specific antigen possessed by a pathogen
B) both cells and antibodies are involved in immune responses
C) immune responses against previously encountered pathogens are faster and more potent
D) immune responses against the body's own molecules do not normally occur
E) pathogens stimulate cells involved in adaptive immunity
The classical complement pathway is initiated by C1q binding to the surface of a pathogen. In some cases, C1q can directly bind the pathogen, for instance by recognizing proteins of bacterial cell walls, but in most cases C1q binds to IgM antibodies that are bound to the pathogen surface. How does this IgM-binding feature of C1q contribute to rapid, innate immune responses rather than to slow, adaptive responses?
C1q induces B lymphocytes to begin secreting antibody within hours of pathogen exposure.
Natural antibody that binds to many microbial pathogens is produced prior to pathogen exposure.
C1q binds to C-reactive protein which then binds to IgM on the pathogen surface.
C1q directly induces inflammation, recruiting phagocytes and antibodies from the blood into the infected tissue.
C1q binds to dendritic cells in the infected tissue, inducing them to secrete inflammatory cytokines.
Chapter 13 Solutions
EBK INQUIRY TO LIFE - ACCESS CARD
Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 13.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 13.1 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 13.1 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 13.1 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 13.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 13.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 13.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 13.2 - Prob. 4LOCh. 13.2 - Prob. 1CYP
Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 13.2 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 13.2 - Prob. 4CYPCh. 13.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 13.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 13.3 - Prob. 3LOCh. 13.3 - Prob. 4LOCh. 13.3 - Describe four mechanisms that result in the...Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 13.3 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 13.3 - Prob. 4CYPCh. 13.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 13.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 13.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 13.4 - Prob. 1QTCCh. 13.4 - Prob. 2QTCCh. 13.4 - Prob. 3QTCCh. 13.4 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 13.4 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 13.4 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 13.4 - Prob. 4CYPCh. 13.5 - Prob. 1LOCh. 13.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 13.5 - Prob. 3LOCh. 13.5 - Prob. 1QTCCh. 13.5 - Prob. 2QTCCh. 13.5 - Prob. 3QTCCh. 13.5 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 13.5 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 13.5 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 13.6 - Prob. 1LOCh. 13.6 - Prob. 2LOCh. 13.6 - Prob. 1QTCCh. 13.6 - Prob. 2QTCCh. 13.6 - Prob. 3QTCCh. 13.6 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 13.6 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 13 - Prob. S2.7BYBCh. 13 - Section 4.1 What are the roles of proteins in the...Ch. 13 - Prob. S11.5BYBCh. 13 - Prob. 1ACh. 13 - Prob. 2ACh. 13 - Prob. 3ACh. 13 - Prob. 4ACh. 13 - Prob. 5ACh. 13 - Prob. 6ACh. 13 - Prob. 7ACh. 13 - Prob. 8ACh. 13 - Prob. 9ACh. 13 - Prob. 10ACh. 13 - Prob. 11ACh. 13 - Prob. 12ACh. 13 - Prob. 13ACh. 13 - Prob. 14ACh. 13 - Prob. 15ACh. 13 - Prob. 16ACh. 13 - Some organisms, such as invertebrates, have no...Ch. 13 - Prob. 2TCCh. 13 - Prob. 3TC
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which cell type, molecule, or process listed below does not has a function or role in both the innate and adaptive immune systems? A) O Macrophages B) O Dendritic cells C) O Complement activation D) O Phagocytosis E) O all the above have a role in both the innate and adaptive immune systemsarrow_forwardThere are two different but not necessarily exlusive theories of what triggers an immune reaction: the self/non-self theory and the danger or damage theory. How do these two theories differ in terms of how they do or do not explain our response to the commensal microbes that reside in our guts?arrow_forwardIn vertebrates, complement activation generally involves a pathogen recognition step followed by a proteolytic cascade that produces the effector proteins that function in opsonization, membrane attack, and inflammation. Which of these is likely to be the most evolutionarily primitive aspect of the complement system? Which pathway of complement initiation is likely to be the one that most recently evolved?arrow_forward
- What is the difference between innate immunity and adaptive immunity?arrow_forwardHuman immune system a) Pathogen-associated molecular patterns are conserved molecular structures produced by microorganisms, but not by host cells. b) A virus-infected host cell that displays a viral antigen via MHC class I molecules may become a target of cytotoxic T cells. c) Secreted MHC Class I proteins present in blood plasma can function as opsonins. d) Both (a) and (b) are correct and (c) is incorrect e) Statements (a), (b) and (c) are all correctarrow_forwardGranzyme and perforin are used by what cell type in the immune system to carry out its function? O 1) TH1 O 2) Neutrophil 3) Cytotoxic T cell O 4) Eosinophilarrow_forward
- During the innate immunity response, which of the following pathogen types would you expect to be treated more similarly: helminths and viruses or extracellular bacteria and fungi? Why?arrow_forwardWhat is adaptive (specific) immune response? How does it differ from Innate (nonspecific) immune response?arrow_forwardImmunity can be of many types: natural activeimmunity, natural passive immunity, artificial activeimmunity and artificial passive immunity. Which of theseforms of immunity confer immune memory?arrow_forward
- What is innate immunity? List the four types of barriers which protect the body from the entry of the foreign agents.arrow_forwardWhat is the one cell type that does the most to coordinate and control the adaptive immune response? A) cytotoxic T cells B) antibodies C) helper T cells D) B cellsarrow_forwardUse the following choices for the next set of questions. A choice may be used zero or more times: a)MHC class I b) MHC class Il C) both MHC class I and II d) neither MHC class | or II e) cannot be determined 21) expressed on T cells 22) captures antigens present in endosomes 23) strongly affected by proteasomal inhibition 24) downregulated by many viruses 25) the genes responsible for expression are monomorphic, meaning that identical alleles are shared throughout the populationarrow_forward
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