How mutations outside the genes as in case of Hirschsprung disease and multiple endocrine neoplasia can alter gene expression. Introduction: Mutation is any sudden and heritable change in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). The permanent alteration of nucleotide sequence of DNA can be referred as mutation. It can be caused due to many factors. One such factor can be replication error or exposure to carcinogens or radiation.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

How mutations outside the genes as in case of Hirschsprung disease and multiple endocrine neoplasia can alter gene expression.

Introduction:

Mutation is any sudden and heritable change in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). The permanent alteration of nucleotide sequence of DNA can be referred as mutation. It can be caused due to many factors. One such factor can be replication error or exposure to carcinogens or radiation.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Mutations occurring outside the genes can also alter gene expression. This can be understood with the help of two diseases; Hirschsprung disease and Multiple endocrine neoplasia.

1.) Hirschsprung disease: This disease causes the absence of nerves in different parts of intestines. Three genes (RET, EDN3, and EDNRB) are associated with the normal functioning of these intestinal nerves. All the three genes code for proteins. Any mutation in these proteins causes poor growth or absence of in the intestinal nerves leading to Hirschsprung disease.

2.) Multiple endocrine neoplasia: This disease is caused due to tumor formation that disrupts the normal functioning of the ductless endocrine glands. Multiple endocrine neoplasia can be of type I and type II. Both these types affect the gene expression of the endocrine glands.

Conclusion

Mutations outside the genes can also affect expression of the genes. This is seen in case of Multiple endocrine neoplasia and Hirschsprung disease.

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After you feel comfortable with your counting method and identifying cells in the various stages of mitosis, use the four images below of whitefish blastula to count the cells in each stage until you reach 100 total cells, recording your data below in Data Table 1. (You may not need to use all four images. Stop counting when you reach 100 total cells.) After totaling the cells in each stage, calculate the percent of cells in each stage. (Divide total of stage by overall total of 100 and then multiply by 100 to obtain percentage.) Data Table 1Stage Totals PercentInterphase Mitosis: Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis Totals 100 100% To find the length of time whitefish blastula cells spend in each stage, multiply the percent (recorded as a decimal, in other words take the percent number and divide by 100) by 24 hours. (Example: If percent is 20%, then Time in Hours = .2 * 24 = 4.8) Record your data in Data…

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

How mutations outside the genes as in case of Hirschsprung disease and multiple endocrine neoplasia can alter gene expression.

Introduction:

Mutation is any sudden and heritable change in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). The permanent alteration of nucleotide sequence of DNA can be referred as mutation. It can be caused due to many factors. One such factor can be replication error or exposure to carcinogens or radiation.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Mutations occurring outside the genes can also alter gene expression. This can be understood with the help of two diseases; Hirschsprung disease and Multiple endocrine neoplasia.

1.) Hirschsprung disease: This disease causes the absence of nerves in different parts of intestines. Three genes (RET, EDN3, and EDNRB) are associated with the normal functioning of these intestinal nerves. All the three genes code for proteins. Any mutation in these proteins causes poor growth or absence of in the intestinal nerves leading to Hirschsprung disease.

2.) Multiple endocrine neoplasia: This disease is caused due to tumor formation that disrupts the normal functioning of the ductless endocrine glands. Multiple endocrine neoplasia can be of type I and type II. Both these types affect the gene expression of the endocrine glands.

Conclusion

Mutations outside the genes can also affect expression of the genes. This is seen in case of Multiple endocrine neoplasia and Hirschsprung disease.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

How mutations outside the genes as in case of Hirschsprung disease and multiple endocrine neoplasia can alter gene expression.

Introduction:

Mutation is any sudden and heritable change in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). The permanent alteration of nucleotide sequence of DNA can be referred as mutation. It can be caused due to many factors. One such factor can be replication error or exposure to carcinogens or radiation.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Mutations occurring outside the genes can also alter gene expression. This can be understood with the help of two diseases; Hirschsprung disease and Multiple endocrine neoplasia.

1.) Hirschsprung disease: This disease causes the absence of nerves in different parts of intestines. Three genes (RET, EDN3, and EDNRB) are associated with the normal functioning of these intestinal nerves. All the three genes code for proteins. Any mutation in these proteins causes poor growth or absence of in the intestinal nerves leading to Hirschsprung disease.

2.) Multiple endocrine neoplasia: This disease is caused due to tumor formation that disrupts the normal functioning of the ductless endocrine glands. Multiple endocrine neoplasia can be of type I and type II. Both these types affect the gene expression of the endocrine glands.

Conclusion

Mutations outside the genes can also affect expression of the genes. This is seen in case of Multiple endocrine neoplasia and Hirschsprung disease.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

How mutations outside the genes as in case of Hirschsprung disease and multiple endocrine neoplasia can alter gene expression.

Introduction:

Mutation is any sudden and heritable change in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). The permanent alteration of nucleotide sequence of DNA can be referred as mutation. It can be caused due to many factors. One such factor can be replication error or exposure to carcinogens or radiation.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Mutations occurring outside the genes can also alter gene expression. This can be understood with the help of two diseases; Hirschsprung disease and Multiple endocrine neoplasia.

1.) Hirschsprung disease: This disease causes the absence of nerves in different parts of intestines. Three genes (RET, EDN3, and EDNRB) are associated with the normal functioning of these intestinal nerves. All the three genes code for proteins. Any mutation in these proteins causes poor growth or absence of in the intestinal nerves leading to Hirschsprung disease.

2.) Multiple endocrine neoplasia: This disease is caused due to tumor formation that disrupts the normal functioning of the ductless endocrine glands. Multiple endocrine neoplasia can be of type I and type II. Both these types affect the gene expression of the endocrine glands.

Conclusion

Mutations outside the genes can also affect expression of the genes. This is seen in case of Multiple endocrine neoplasia and Hirschsprung disease.

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Answer 5

Chapter 13, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

How mutations outside the genes as in case of Hirschsprung disease and multiple endocrine neoplasia can alter gene expression.

Introduction:

Mutation is any sudden and heritable change in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). The permanent alteration of nucleotide sequence of DNA can be referred as mutation. It can be caused due to many factors. One such factor can be replication error or exposure to carcinogens or radiation.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Mutations occurring outside the genes can also alter gene expression. This can be understood with the help of two diseases; Hirschsprung disease and Multiple endocrine neoplasia.

1.) Hirschsprung disease: This disease causes the absence of nerves in different parts of intestines. Three genes (RET, EDN3, and EDNRB) are associated with the normal functioning of these intestinal nerves. All the three genes code for proteins. Any mutation in these proteins causes poor growth or absence of in the intestinal nerves leading to Hirschsprung disease.

2.) Multiple endocrine neoplasia: This disease is caused due to tumor formation that disrupts the normal functioning of the ductless endocrine glands. Multiple endocrine neoplasia can be of type I and type II. Both these types affect the gene expression of the endocrine glands.

Conclusion

Mutations outside the genes can also affect expression of the genes. This is seen in case of Multiple endocrine neoplasia and Hirschsprung disease.

Answer 6

Chapter 13, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

How mutations outside the genes as in case of Hirschsprung disease and multiple endocrine neoplasia can alter gene expression.

Introduction:

Mutation is any sudden and heritable change in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). The permanent alteration of nucleotide sequence of DNA can be referred as mutation. It can be caused due to many factors. One such factor can be replication error or exposure to carcinogens or radiation.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Mutations occurring outside the genes can also alter gene expression. This can be understood with the help of two diseases; Hirschsprung disease and Multiple endocrine neoplasia.

1.) Hirschsprung disease: This disease causes the absence of nerves in different parts of intestines. Three genes (RET, EDN3, and EDNRB) are associated with the normal functioning of these intestinal nerves. All the three genes code for proteins. Any mutation in these proteins causes poor growth or absence of in the intestinal nerves leading to Hirschsprung disease.

2.) Multiple endocrine neoplasia: This disease is caused due to tumor formation that disrupts the normal functioning of the ductless endocrine glands. Multiple endocrine neoplasia can be of type I and type II. Both these types affect the gene expression of the endocrine glands.

Conclusion

Mutations outside the genes can also affect expression of the genes. This is seen in case of Multiple endocrine neoplasia and Hirschsprung disease.

Answer 7

Chapter 13, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

How mutations outside the genes as in case of Hirschsprung disease and multiple endocrine neoplasia can alter gene expression.

Introduction:

Mutation is any sudden and heritable change in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). The permanent alteration of nucleotide sequence of DNA can be referred as mutation. It can be caused due to many factors. One such factor can be replication error or exposure to carcinogens or radiation.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Mutations occurring outside the genes can also alter gene expression. This can be understood with the help of two diseases; Hirschsprung disease and Multiple endocrine neoplasia.

1.) Hirschsprung disease: This disease causes the absence of nerves in different parts of intestines. Three genes (RET, EDN3, and EDNRB) are associated with the normal functioning of these intestinal nerves. All the three genes code for proteins. Any mutation in these proteins causes poor growth or absence of in the intestinal nerves leading to Hirschsprung disease.

2.) Multiple endocrine neoplasia: This disease is caused due to tumor formation that disrupts the normal functioning of the ductless endocrine glands. Multiple endocrine neoplasia can be of type I and type II. Both these types affect the gene expression of the endocrine glands.