Pearson eText Human Anatomy & Physiology -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780136873822
Author: Erin Amerman
Publisher: PEARSON+
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Chapter 13, Problem 17CYR
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
a. The simple stretch reflex is a monosynaptic reflex with only a single synapse in the spinal cord between the sensory and motor neurons.
b. The Golgi tendon organs detect stretch in a simple stretch reflex.
c. A flexion reflex is a monosynaptic reflex with only one synapse in the spinal cord.
d. The crossed-extension reflex occurs simultaneously with the simple stretch reflex.
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Which of the following is NOT a reason why a reflex arc is faster than a normal nerve transmission?
a. A reflex arc stimulates the motor neurons for an immediate reaction.
b. A reflex arc does not send information to the brain to be processed.
c. A reflex arc does not involve neurotransmitters.
d. A reflex arc involves fewer neurons.
In the knee-jerk reflex, the afferent neurons
Select one:
a. innervate leg flexor muscles
b. are sensory neurons
c. innervate leg flexor and extensor muscles
d. innervate leg extensor muscles
e. are cranial nerves
In the stretch reflex,a. Golgi tendon organs activate contraction in extrafusal muscle fibersconnected to that tendon.b. lengthening of muscle-spindle receptors in a muscle leads tocontraction in an antagonist muscle.c. action potentials from muscle-spindle receptors in a muscle formmonosynaptic excitatory synapses on motor neurons to extrafusal fiberswithin the same muscles.d. slackening of intrafusal fibers within a muscle activates gamma motorneurons that form excitatory synapses with extrafusal fibers within thatsame muscle.e. afferent neurons to the sensorimotor cortex stimulate the agonist muscle to contract and the antagonist muscle to be inhibited
Chapter 13 Solutions
Pearson eText Human Anatomy & Physiology -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
Ch. 13.1 - What two subclasses make up the sensory division...Ch. 13.1 - 2. What is a lower motor neuron? How are upper...Ch. 13.1 - In what ways do the somatic and visceral motor...Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 4QCCh. 13.1 - Prob. 5QCCh. 13.1 - What structures are found in a peripheral nerve?Ch. 13.1 - How are sensations detected in the PNS and...Ch. 13.1 - 8. How are motor impulses transmitted from the...Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 1QCCh. 13.2 - 2. What are the Roman numerals and main...
Ch. 13.2 - 3. What are the Roman numerals and main...Ch. 13.2 - List the 12 pairs of cranial nerves in ascending...Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 5QCCh. 13.3 - Prob. 1QCCh. 13.3 - What are the anterior and posterior rami, and what...Ch. 13.3 - 3. What are the key structures supplied by each...Ch. 13.3 - 4. Differentiate between the trunks and cords of...Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 5QCCh. 13.3 - Prob. 6QCCh. 13.3 - Prob. 7QCCh. 13.4 - 1. What is sensory transduction?
Ch. 13.4 - Prob. 2QCCh. 13.4 - 3. What are the three components of a typical...Ch. 13.4 - What is a first-order sensory neurons receptive...Ch. 13.4 - What is the two-point discrimination threshold,...Ch. 13.4 - What is a dermatome?Ch. 13.4 - 7. Why is visceral pain often perceived as...Ch. 13.5 - 1. What are the main differences between an upper...Ch. 13.5 - 2. What is a motor neuron pool?
Ch. 13.5 - What is the general sequence of events for...Ch. 13.6 - Prob. 1QCCh. 13.6 - 2. How do intrafusal and extrafusal muscle fibers...Ch. 13.6 - What are the functions of primary and secondary...Ch. 13.6 - 4. How do Golgi tendon organs and muscle spindles...Ch. 13.6 - How do polysynaptic and monosynaptic reflex arcs...Ch. 13.6 - Prob. 6QCCh. 13.6 - How are the flexion and crossed-extension reflexes...Ch. 13.6 - What are some potential effects of sensory...Ch. 13.6 - How do upper and lower motor neuron disorders...Ch. 13 - Mark the following statements as true or false. If...Ch. 13 - Prob. 2CYRCh. 13 - 3. Define each of the following terms in your own...Ch. 13 - First, write the Roman numeral that corresponds to...Ch. 13 - Prob. 5CYRCh. 13 - Match the following nerves with the structures...Ch. 13 - First-order somatic sensory neurons are...Ch. 13 - Prob. 8CYRCh. 13 - Prob. 9CYRCh. 13 - 10. Merkel cell fibers, tactile corpuscles,...Ch. 13 - 11. Place the following sequence of events for the...Ch. 13 - How do upper and lower motor neurons differ?Ch. 13 - 13. List and describe the basic steps involved in...Ch. 13 - 14. The lower motor neurons that innervate...Ch. 13 - Fill in the blanks:______ detect the degree to...Ch. 13 - Which of the following is the correct order of...Ch. 13 - 17. Mark the following statements as true or...Ch. 13 - Prob. 18CYRCh. 13 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 13 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 13 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 13 - Prob. 1AYKACh. 13 - Jason presents for evaluation after a severe...Ch. 13 - 3. When Mr. Williams goes to the emergency...Ch. 13 - 4. Maria is a 3-year-old who has been diagnosed...Ch. 13 - Another feature of CIPA is anhidrosis, or the...
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- Sensory neurons transmit information towards the central nervous system. Which of the following is true concerning the movement of peripheral- information towards the central nervous system? A. Dendrites of the sensory neurons synapse with interneurons of the spinal cord. B. Axons of the sensory neurons synapse with motor neurons of the muscles involved in the spinal reflex. C. Axons of the motor neurons synapse with the interneurons of the spinal cord. D. Axons of the sensory neurons synapse with the interneurons of the spinal cord.arrow_forwardWhich statement is correct about reflexes? a. The patellar reflex tests the S1–S3 spinal nerve segments. b. A hypoactive reflex may indicate damage to the neuromuscular junction. c. The more hyperactive the reflex, the healthier the individual. d. A normal biceps reflex response is extension of the elbow when the biceps tendon is tapped.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not correct about the knee-jerk reflex? Select one: A. It involves interneurons in the spinal cord B. It involves afferent neurons C. It involves autonomic nervous system responses O D. It involves the quadriceps, large skeletal muscles in the upper leg E. It involves efferent neuronsarrow_forward
- Which statement(s) about human neuromuscular innervation is/are true? A. A single spinal motor neuron innervates multiple muscle fibers. B. The majority muscle fibers are innervated by two or more motor neurons. C. Polyneuronal innervation of adult muscles fibers is possible, but rather rare. D. Each spinal motor neuron innervates a single skeletal muscle fiber.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements regarding sciatic nerve is correct? a. Arises from L3/4/5/S1/2 b. Emerges from the lower border of piriformis c. Most commonly divides onto common peroneal and tibial branches in the middle of the hamstring compartment d. Can be injured by intramuscular injections in the upper outer quadrant of the buttock e. Gives no branches in the gluteal compartmentarrow_forwardAll of the following are true regarding the descending motor tracts EXCEPT which one? A. They originate in either the cerebral cortex or brainstem. B. The pathways are generally made of a two-neuron system. C. The upper motor neuron fibers target lower motor neurons of the spinal cord or cranial nerves. D. They are involved in assisting with voluntary movement.arrow_forward
- If a stretch reflex is activated, the muscle will a. lengthen. b. relax. c. shorten. d. none of abovearrow_forwardSpastic paralysis may occur when there is damage to a.the lower motor neurons. b.the upper motor neurons. c.either the lower or the upper motor neurons. d.Spastic paralysis would not result from either of these types of damage.arrow_forwardMotor neurons are crucial for movement, what would happen if the motor neurons would be destroyed. a. How would this affect our reflexes b. Research illnesses that affect Motor Neuronsarrow_forward
- In a single reflex arc involved in the knee-jerk reflex, how many synapses are activated within the spinal cord? a.Thousands b.Hundreds c.Dozens d.Two e.Onearrow_forwardReflexes involve the: Select one: a. sympathetic and central nervous systems. b. autonomic nervous system and the brain. c. parasympathetic nervous system and the cerebrum. d. peripheral nervous system and the spinal cord.arrow_forwardMark the following statements on the role of the brain in movement as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement. a. The dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra enhance the actions of the caudate nucleus and putamen. b. The cerebellum monitors the initiation of movement but does not monitor ongoing movements. c. The basal nuclei inhibit inappropriate movements and are required for the initiation of movement. d. The correction of motor error by the cerebellum can occur over the long term by motor learningarrow_forward
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