Chapter 13, Problem 147AP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The total concentration of dissolved species and the freezing point of blood is to be calculated with given temperature and osmotic pressure.

Concept Introduction:

The property that depends on the concentration of solute molecules and not on the identity of solute is termed as colligative property.

The four colligative properties of solution are vapor-pressure lowering, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and osmotic pressure.

Osmotic pressure (πp) of a solution is the product of molarity, gas constant, and temperature. It is expressed as follows:

$\pi =M\text{R}T$

Here, $\pi$ is the osmotic pressure, $M$ is the molarity, $\text{R}$ is the gas constant, and $T$ is the temperature.

The depression in freezing point by the addition of a solute in a pure substance is calculated as

$\Delta T_f=K_f.m$

Here, $\Delta T_f$ is the depression in freezing point, $K_f$ is the freezing point constant, and $m$ is the molality.