
Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The total concentration of dissolved species and the freezing point of blood is to be calculated with given temperature and osmotic pressure.
Concept Introduction:
The property that depends on the concentration of solute molecules and not on the identity of solute is termed as colligative property.
The four colligative properties of solution are vapor-pressure lowering, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and osmotic pressure.
Osmotic pressure (πp) of a solution is the product of molarity, gas constant, and temperature. It is expressed as follows:
Here,
The depression in freezing point by the addition of a solute in a pure substance is calculated as
Here,

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Chapter 13 Solutions
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