Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology Update (No access codes included)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781305116399
Author: Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 13, Problem 13.71AP
To determine
The orbit radius of the bob.
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The radius Rh of a black hole is the radius of a mathematical sphere, called the event horizon, that is centered on the black hole. Information from events inside the event horizon cannot reach the outside world. According to Einstein's general theory of relativity, Rh = 2GM/c2, where M is the mass of the black hole and c is the speed of light.
Suppose that you wish to study a black hole near it, at a radial distance of 48Rh. However, you do not want the difference in gravitational acceleration between your feet and your head to exceed 10 m/s2 when you are feet down (or head down) toward the black hole.
(a) Take your height to be 1.5 m. What is the limit to the mass of the black hole you can tolerate at the given radial distance? Give the ratio of this mass to the mass MS of our Sun.
The radius Rh of a black hole is the radius of a mathematical sphere, called the event horizon, that is centered on the black hole. Information from events inside the event horizon cannot reach the outside world. According to Einstein's general theory of relativity, Rh = 2GM/c2, where M is the mass of the black hole and c is the speed of light.
Suppose that you wish to study a black hole near it, at a radial distance of 48Rh. However, you do not want the difference in gravitational acceleration between your feet and your head to exceed 10 m/s2 when you are feet down (or head down) toward the black hole. (a) Take your height to be 1.5 m. What is the limit to the mass of the black hole you can tolerate at the given radial distance? Give the ratio of this mass to the mass MS of our Sun. (b) Is the ratio an upper limit estimate or a lower limit estimate?
A spacecraft in the shape of a long cylinder has a length of 100 m, and its mass with occupants is 1 340 kg. It has strayed too close to a black hole having a mass 109 times that of the Sun. The nose
of the spacecraft points toward the black hole, and the distance between the nose and the center of the black hole is 10.0 km.
Black hole
L BC
100 m
-10.0 km H
(a) Determine the total force on the spacecraft.
N
(b) What is the difference in the gravitational fields acting on the occupants in the nose of the ship and on those in the rear of the ship, farthest from the black hole? (This difference in
acceleration grows rapidly as the ship approaches the black hole. It puts the body of the ship under extreme tension and eventually tears it apart.)
N/kg
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Chapter 13 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology Update (No access codes included)
Ch. 13 - A planet has two moons of equal mass. Moon 1 is in...Ch. 13 - Superman stands on top of a very tall mountain and...Ch. 13 - An asteroid is in a highly eccentric elliptical...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.4QQCh. 13 - A system consists of five particles. How many...Ch. 13 - Rank the following quantities of energy from...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.3OQCh. 13 - Suppose the gravitational acceleration at the...Ch. 13 - Imagine that nitrogen and other atmospheric gases...Ch. 13 - An object of mass m is located on the surface of a...
Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.7OQCh. 13 - The vernal equinox and the autumnal equinox are...Ch. 13 - Rank the magnitudes of the following gravitational...Ch. 13 - The gravitational force exerted on an astronaut on...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.11OQCh. 13 - Each Voyager spacecraft was accelerated toward...Ch. 13 - In his 1798 experiment, Cavendish was said to have...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.3CQCh. 13 - Prob. 13.4CQCh. 13 - Prob. 13.5CQCh. 13 - Prob. 13.6CQCh. 13 - Prob. 13.7CQCh. 13 - Prob. 13.8CQCh. 13 - A satellite in low-Earth orbit is not truly...Ch. 13 - In introductory physics laboratories, a typical...Ch. 13 - Determine the order of magnitude of the...Ch. 13 - A 200-kg object and a 500-kg object are separated...Ch. 13 - During a solar eclipse, the Moon, the Earth, and...Ch. 13 - Two ocean liners, each with a mass of 40 000...Ch. 13 - Three uniform spheres of masses m1 = 2.00 kg, m2 =...Ch. 13 - Two identical isolated particles, each of mass...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.8PCh. 13 - Two objects attract each other with a...Ch. 13 - Review. A student proposes to study the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.11PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.12PCh. 13 - Review. Miranda, a satellite of Uranus, is shown...Ch. 13 - (a) Compute the vector gravitational field at a...Ch. 13 - Three objects of equal mass are located at three...Ch. 13 - A spacecraft in the shape of a long cylinder has a...Ch. 13 - An artificial satellite circles the Earth in a...Ch. 13 - Io, a satellite of Jupiter, has an orbital period...Ch. 13 - A minimum-energy transfer orbit to an outer planet...Ch. 13 - A particle of mass m moves along a straight line...Ch. 13 - Plasketts binary system consists of two starts...Ch. 13 - Two planets X and Y travel counterclockwise in...Ch. 13 - Comet Halley (Fig. P13.23) approaches the Sun to...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.24PCh. 13 - Use Keplers third law to determine how many days...Ch. 13 - Neutron stars are extremely dense objects formed...Ch. 13 - A synchronous satellite, which always remains...Ch. 13 - (a) Given that the period of the Moons orbit about...Ch. 13 - Suppose the Suns gravity were switched off. The...Ch. 13 - A satellite in Earth orbit has a mass of 100 kg...Ch. 13 - How much work is done by the Moons gravitational...Ch. 13 - How much energy is required to move a 1 000-kg...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.33PCh. 13 - An object is released from rest at an altitude h...Ch. 13 - A system consists of three particles, each of mass...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.36PCh. 13 - A 500-kg satellite is in a circular orbit at an...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.38PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.39PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.40PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.41PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.42PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.43PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.44PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.45PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.46PCh. 13 - Ganymede is the largest of Jupiters moons....Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.48PCh. 13 - At the Earths surface, a projectile is launched...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.50APCh. 13 - Prob. 13.51APCh. 13 - Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 surveyed the surface of...Ch. 13 - A satellite is in a circular orbit around the...Ch. 13 - Why is the following situation impossible? A...Ch. 13 - Let gM represent the difference in the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.56APCh. 13 - Prob. 13.57APCh. 13 - Prob. 13.58APCh. 13 - Prob. 13.59APCh. 13 - Two spheres having masses M and 2M and radii R and...Ch. 13 - Two hypothetical planets of masses m1 and m2 and...Ch. 13 - (a) Show that the rate of change of the free-fall...Ch. 13 - A ring of matter is a familiar structure in...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.64APCh. 13 - Review. As an astronaut, you observe a small...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.66APCh. 13 - Studies of the relationship of the Sun to our...Ch. 13 - Review. Two identical hard spheres, each of mass m...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.69APCh. 13 - Prob. 13.70APCh. 13 - Prob. 13.71APCh. 13 - Prob. 13.72APCh. 13 - Prob. 13.73APCh. 13 - Two stars of masses M and m, separated by a...Ch. 13 - Two identical particles, each of mass 1 000 kg,...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.76APCh. 13 - As thermonuclear fusion proceeds in its core, the...Ch. 13 - The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO)...Ch. 13 - The oldest artificial satellite still in orbit is...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.80CP
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- A massive black hole is believed to exist at the center of our galaxy (and most other spiral galaxies). Since the 1990s, astronomers have been tracking the motions of several dozen stars in rapid motion around the center. Their motions give a clue to the size of this black hole. a. One of these stars is believed to be in an approximately circular orbit with a radius of about 1.50 103 AU and a period of approximately 30 yr. Use these numbers to determine the mass of the black hole around which this star is orbiting, b. What is the speed of this star, and how does it compare with the speed of the Earth in its orbit? How does it compare with the speed of light?arrow_forwardWhat is the Schwarzschild radius for the black hole at the center of our galaxy if it has the mass of 4 million solar masses?arrow_forward(a) Show that tidal force on a small object of mass m, defined as the difference in the gravitational force that would be exerted on m at a distance at the near and the far side of the object, due to the gravitational at a distance R from M, is given by Ftidal=2GMmR3r where r is the distance between the near and far side and rR .(b) Assume you are fallijng feet first into the black hole at the center of our galaxy. It has mass of 4 million solar masses. What would be the difference between the force at your head and your feet at the Schwarzschild radius (event horizon)? Assume your feet and head each have mass 5.0 kg and are 2.0 m apart. Would you survive passing through the event horizon?arrow_forward
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