For most intravenous injections, excessive care is taken to protect that the concentration of the solution to be injected compared to blood plasma has to be explained. Concept introduction Osmosis is the process by which net movement of solvent into a expanse of higher solute concentration via semi permeable membrane. Semi permeable membrane which allows solvent molecules to overtake not allows solute molecule. Osmotic pressure is the pressure that is needed to stop osmosis. Osmotic pressure of the solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the solution. We can calculate osmotic pressure by using this formula is given by, Osmotic pressure (π) = iMRT Where, i- Von’t Hoff’s factor M – Molarity of the solution (mol/L) R- Ideal gas constant (0.08206 L atm mol -1 K -1 ) T-Temperature in Kelvin
For most intravenous injections, excessive care is taken to protect that the concentration of the solution to be injected compared to blood plasma has to be explained. Concept introduction Osmosis is the process by which net movement of solvent into a expanse of higher solute concentration via semi permeable membrane. Semi permeable membrane which allows solvent molecules to overtake not allows solute molecule. Osmotic pressure is the pressure that is needed to stop osmosis. Osmotic pressure of the solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the solution. We can calculate osmotic pressure by using this formula is given by, Osmotic pressure (π) = iMRT Where, i- Von’t Hoff’s factor M – Molarity of the solution (mol/L) R- Ideal gas constant (0.08206 L atm mol -1 K -1 ) T-Temperature in Kelvin
Solution Summary: The author explains that for most intravenous injections, excessive care is taken to protect that the concentration of the solution to be injected compared to blood plasma.
Interpretation: For most intravenous injections, excessive care is taken to protect that the concentration of the solution to be injected compared to blood plasma has to be explained.
Concept introduction
Osmosis is the process by which net movement of solvent into a expanse of higher solute concentration via semi permeable membrane.
Semi permeable membrane which allows solvent molecules to overtake not allows solute molecule.
Osmotic pressure is the pressure that is needed to stop osmosis. Osmotic pressure of the solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the solution. We can calculate osmotic pressure by using this formula is given by,
Q3: Describes the relationship (identical, constitutional isomers, enantiomers or diastereomers)
of each pair of compounds below.
ག
H
CH3
OH
OH
CH3
H3C
OH
OH
OH
//////////
C
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
H3C
CH 3
C/III.....
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COOH
H
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H
2
OH
HO
CH3
HOOC
H
CH3
CH3
CH3
Br.
H
H
Br
and
H
H
H
H
Q1: For each molecule, assign each stereocenter as R or S. Circle the meso compounds. Label
each compound as chiral or achiral.
OH
HO
CI
Br
H
CI
CI
Br
CI
CI
Xf x f g
Br
D
OH
Br
Br
H₂N
R.
IN
Ill
I
-N
S
OMe
D
II
H
CO₂H
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These are synthesis questions. You need to show how the starting material can be converted into
the product(s) shown. You may use any reactions we have learned. Show all the reagents you
need. Show each molecule synthesized along the way and be sure to pay attention to the
regiochemistry and stereochemistry preferences for each reaction. If a racemic molecule is made
along the way, you need to draw both enantiomers and label the mixture as "racemic".
All of the carbon atoms of the products must come from the starting material!
?
H
H