Chapter 13, Problem 13.52E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The complete reaction between ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}-\text{SH}$ and ${\text{Hg}}^{2+}$ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A chemical reaction is a process in which rearrangement of atoms or ions takes place between two reacting species. A balanced chemical equation represents an equation in which all the reactants and products are written with their stoichiometric coefficients. The number of atoms of an element on both sides of the equation is equal.

Answer to Problem 13.52E

The completed reaction between ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}-\text{SH}$ and ${\text{Hg}}^{2+}$ is shown below.

$2{\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}-\text{SH}+{\text{Hg}}^{2+}\to {\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}-\text{S}-\text{Hg}-\text{S}-{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}+2{\text{H}}^{+}$

Explanation of Solution

The incomplete reaction is shown below.

$2{\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}-\text{SH}+{\text{Hg}}^{2+}\to$

The thiols react with heavy metal ions such as ${\text{Hg}}^{2+}$ to form an insoluble compound. The metal ion forms a bridge between two sulfur atoms of two molecules of thiol.

Therefore, the completed reaction between ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}-\text{SH}$ and ${\text{Hg}}^{2+}$ is shown below.

$2{\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}-\text{SH}+{\text{Hg}}^{2+}\to {\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}-\text{S}-\text{Hg}-\text{S}-{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}+2{\text{H}}^{+}$

Conclusion

The completed reaction between ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}-\text{SH}$ and ${\text{Hg}}^{2+}$ is shown below.

$2{\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}-\text{SH}+{\text{Hg}}^{2+}\to {\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}-\text{S}-\text{Hg}-\text{S}-{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}+2{\text{H}}^{+}$

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The complete reaction between ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}-\text{SH}$ and nascent oxygen atom is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A chemical reaction is a process in which rearrangement of atoms or ions takes place between two reacting species. A balanced chemical equation represents an equation in which all the reactants and products are written with their stoichiometric coefficients. The number of atoms of an element on both sides of the equation is equal.

Answer to Problem 13.52E

The completed reaction between ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}-\text{SH}$ and the nascent oxygen atom is shown below.

$2{\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}-\text{SH}+\left(\text{O}\right)\to {\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}-\text{S}-\text{S}-{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{CH}+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

Explanation of Solution

The incomplete reaction is shown below.

$2{\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}-\text{SH}+\left(\text{O}\right)\to$

Two molecules of thiol undergo an oxidation reaction with a nascent oxygen atom. The thiol molecules react with nascent oxygen atom to form a disulfide compound. Therefore, the completed reaction between ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}-\text{SH}$ and the nascent oxygen atom is shown below.

$2{\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}-\text{SH}+\left(\text{O}\right)\to {\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}-\text{S}-\text{S}-{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{CH}+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

Conclusion

The completed reaction between ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}-\text{SH}$ and the nascent oxygen atom is shown below.

$2{\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}-\text{SH}+\left(\text{O}\right)\to {\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}-\text{S}-\text{S}-{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{CH}+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The complete reaction between given disulfide and nascent hydrogen atoms is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A chemical reaction is a process in which rearrangement of atoms or ions takes place between two reacting species. A balanced chemical equation represents an equation in which all the reactants and products are written with their stoichiometric coefficients. The number of atoms of an element on both sides of the equation is equal.

Answer to Problem 13.52E

The complete reaction between given disulfide and nascent hydrogen atoms is shown below.

Explanation of Solution

The incomplete reaction is shown below.

Figure 1

A disulfide compound undergoes reduction reaction with nascent hydrogen atoms to form two thiol molecules.

Therefore, the complete reaction between given disulfide and nascent hydrogen atom is shown below.

Figure 2

Conclusion

The complete reaction between given disulfide and nascent hydrogen atom is shown in Figure 2.