Chapter 13, Problem 13.3ADM

A.

To determine

Statement of cash flows:

Statement of cash flow is a financial statement that shows the cash and cash equivalents of a company for a particular period of time. It shows the net changes in cash, by reporting the sources and uses of cash as a result of operating, investing, and financing activities of a company.

Free cash flow:

Free cash flow describes the net cash provided from operating activities after making required adjustments for dividends and capital expenditures. In other words, it is the cash flow arrived after making payment for capital expenditures and dividend payments.

To Identify: The company which appears to be the largest at the end of Year 3.

Answer to Problem 13.3ADM

The company which appears to be the largest using the revenue at the end of Year 3 is Company AT.

Explanation of Solution

Company AT has more revenue of $132,447 which is more than the revenue of Company F of revenue $12,466. Hence, Company AT appears to be the largest using the revenue at the end of Year 3.

B.

To determine

To Identify: The company which appears to be growing faster across the three years.

Answer to Problem 13.3ADM

Identify the company which appears to be growing faster across the three years.

Company	Year 3	Year 2	Year 1
AT	104% (1)	101% (2)	100%
F	245% (3)	155% (4)	100%

Table (1)

Explanation of Solution

Working Note:

Calculate the growth rate of Company AT for the two years.

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Growth rate for Year 3=}\left(\frac{\text{Revenue for Year 3}}{\text{Revenue for Year 1}}\right)\\ \text{=}\frac{\$132,447}{\$127,434}\times 100\\ =104\%\\ \end{array}$ (1)

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Growth rate for Year 2=}\left(\frac{\text{Revenue for Year 2}}{\text{Revenue for Year 1}}\right)\\ \text{=}\frac{\$128,752}{\$127,434}\times 100\\ =101\%\\ \end{array}$ (2)

Calculate the growth rate of Company F for the two years.

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Growth rate for Year 3=}\left(\frac{\text{Revenue for Year 3}}{\text{Revenue for Year 1}}\right)\\ \text{=}\frac{\$12,446}{\$5,089}\times 100\\ =245\%\\ \end{array}$ (3)

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Growth rate for Year 2=}\left(\frac{\text{Revenue for Year 2}}{\text{Revenue for Year 1}}\right)\\ \text{=}\frac{\$7,872}{\$5,089}\times 100\\ =155\%\\ \end{array}$ (4)

Conclusion

Hence, the company which appears to be growing faster across the three years is Company F.

C.

To determine

To Compute: The cash used to purchase property, plant, and equipment as a percent of the cash flows from operating activities for all three years for each company.

Answer to Problem 13.3ADM

Compute the cash used to purchase property, plant, and equipment as a percent of the cash flows from operating activities for all three years for each company.

Company	Year 3	Year 2	Year 1
AT	68% (5)	61% (6)	50% (7)
F	34% (8)	32% (9)	77% (10)

Table (2)

Explanation of Solution

Working Note:

Calculate the cash used to purchase property, plant, and equipment as a percent of the cash flows from operating activities of Company AT for three years.

For Year 3:

$\begin{array}{c}\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Cash used to purchase property, plant}\\ \text{and equipment as a percent of cash flows }\end{array}\right)\text{=}\left(\frac{\begin{array}{l}\text{Cash used to purchase}\\ \text{property, plant, and}\\ \text{equipment}\end{array}}{\begin{array}{l}\text{Cash flows from}\\ \text{operating activities}\end{array}}\right)\\ \text{=}\frac{\$21,433}{\$31,338}\times 100\\ =68\%\\ \end{array}$ (5)

For Year 2:

$\begin{array}{c}\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Cash used to purchase property, plant}\\ \text{and equipment as a percent of cash flows }\end{array}\right)\text{=}\left(\frac{\begin{array}{l}\text{Cash used to purchase}\\ \text{property, plant, and}\\ \text{equipment}\end{array}}{\begin{array}{l}\text{Cash flows from}\\ \text{operating activities}\end{array}}\right)\\ \text{=}\frac{\$21,228}{\$34,796}\times 100\\ =61\%\\ \end{array}$ (6)

For Year 1:

$\begin{array}{c}\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Cash used to purchase property, plant}\\ \text{and equipment as a percent of cash flows }\end{array}\right)\text{=}\left(\frac{\begin{array}{l}\text{Cash used to purchase}\\ \text{property, plant, and}\\ \text{equipment}\end{array}}{\begin{array}{l}\text{Cash flows from}\\ \text{operating activities}\end{array}}\right)\\ \text{=}\frac{\$19,728}{\$39,176}\times 100\\ =50\%\\ \end{array}$ (7)

Calculate the cash used to purchase property, plant, and equipment as a percent of the cash flows from operating activities of Company F for three years.

For Year 3:

$\begin{array}{c}\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Cash used to purchase property, plant}\\ \text{and equipment as a percent of cash flows }\end{array}\right)\text{=}\left(\frac{\begin{array}{l}\text{Cash used to purchase}\\ \text{property, plant, and}\\ \text{equipment}\end{array}}{\begin{array}{l}\text{Cash flows from}\\ \text{operating activities}\end{array}}\right)\\ \text{=}\frac{\$1,831}{\$5,457}\times 100\\ =34\%\\ \end{array}$ (8)

For Year 2:

$\begin{array}{c}\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Cash used to purchase property, plant}\\ \text{and equipment as a percent of cash flows }\end{array}\right)\text{=}\left(\frac{\begin{array}{l}\text{Cash used to purchase}\\ \text{property, plant, and}\\ \text{equipment}\end{array}}{\begin{array}{l}\text{Cash flows from}\\ \text{operating activities}\end{array}}\right)\\ \text{=}\frac{\$1,362}{\$4,222}\times 100\\ =32\%\\ \end{array}$ (9)

For Year 1:

$\begin{array}{c}\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Cash used to purchase property, plant}\\ \text{and equipment as a percent of cash flows }\end{array}\right)\text{=}\left(\frac{\begin{array}{l}\text{Cash used to purchase}\\ \text{property, plant, and}\\ \text{equipment}\end{array}}{\begin{array}{l}\text{Cash flows from}\\ \text{operating activities}\end{array}}\right)\\ \text{=}\frac{\$1,235}{\$1,612}\times 100\\ =77\%\\ \end{array}$ (10)

Conclusion

Hence, the company which appears to be growing faster across the three years is Company F.

D.

To determine

To Identify: The company which appears to require more cash to purchase property, plant, and equipment and to explain its impact on free cash flow.

Answer to Problem 13.3ADM

By using the computation in (C), it is clear that the company which appears to require more cash to purchase property, plant, and equipment is Company AT, and its impact on free cash flow is more negative.

Explanation of Solution

The cash used to purchase property, plant, and equipment as a percent of the cash flows from operating activities of Company AT for Year 1 is 50% which is much less than that of Company F of 77%. But for Year 2, and Year 3, the cash used to purchase property, plant, and equipment as a percent of the cash flows from operating activities of Company AT are 61%, and 68%, which are greater than those of Company F of 32%, and 34%.

Hence, as the cash used to purchase property, plant, and equipment as a percent of the cash flows from operating activities of Company AT from Year 1 to Year 3 is increasing, the company which appears to require more cash to purchase property, plant, and equipment is Company AT, and its net impact on free cash flow is more negative.

E.

To determine

To Compute: The ratio of free cash flow to revenue for all three years for each company.

Explanation of Solution

Compute the free cash flow of Company AT.

	Year 3	Year 2	Year 1
Cash flows from operating activities	$ 31,338	$34,796	$ 39,176
Cash used to purchase property, plant, and equipment	(21,433)	(21,228)	(19,728)
Free cash flow	$ 9,905	$13,568	$ 19,448

Table (3)

Compute the ratio of free cash flow to revenue for Company AT.

	Year 3	Year 2	Year 1
Free cash flow  (A)	$ 9,905	$13,568	$ 19,448
Revenue     (B)	132,447	128,752	127,434
Ratio of free cash flow to revenues $\text{C=}\left(\frac{\text{A}}{\text{B}}\right)$	7.5%	10.5%	15.3%

Table (4)

Compute the free cash flow of Company F.

	Year 3	Year 2	Year 1
Cash flows from operating activities	$ 5,457	$4,222	$1,612
Cash used to purchase property, plant, and equipment	(1,831)	(1,362)	(1,235)
Free cash flow	$ 3,626	$2,860	$ 377

Table (5)

Compute the ratio of free cash flow to revenue for Company F.

	Year 3	Year 2	Year 1
Free cash flow  (A)	$ 3,626	$2,860	$ 377
Revenue     (B)	12,466	7,872	5,089
Ratio of free cash flow to revenues $\text{C=}\left(\frac{\text{A}}{\text{B}}\right)$	29.1%	36.3%	7.4%

Table (6)

Conclusion

Hence, the ratio of free cash flow to revenue for Year 3, Year 2, and Year 1 for Company AT are 7.5%, 10.5%, and 15.3% respectively. And for Company F, they are 29.1%, 36.3%, and 7.4% respectively.

To determine

To plot: The data on a line chart with the years on the horizontal axis.

Explanation of Solution

Plot the data on a line chart with the years on the horizontal axis.

Figure (1)

F.

To determine

To Interpret: The chart.

Explanation of Solution

The ratio of free cash flow to revenue of Company AT for Year 1 was better when compared to Company F. But in the Year 2, and Year 3, the ratios of free cash flow to revenue of Company F were much greater than Company AT. The cash flows from operating activities of Company F have significantly increased over the years. Due to this, there is an increase in the ratio of free cash flows to revenues. The decline in the ratio of free cash flows to revenues of Company AT is due to the decline in the cash flows from operating activities, and increase in the cash needed to purchase property, plant, and equipment over the three years. The net result of this is that the ratio is declined.