EBK ELEMENTARY SURVEYING
15th Edition
ISBN: 8220106714225
Author: GHILANI
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 13, Problem 13.20P
To determine
The errors that double differencing of phase-shift observation can remove.
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A four-lane undivided multilane highway (two lanes in each direction) has 11-ft lanes, 4-ft shoulders, and 10 access points per mile. It is determined that the roadway currently operates at capacity with PHF = 0.80 and a driver population adjustment of 0.9. If the highway is on level terrain with 8% large trucks and buses (no recreational vehicles) and the speed limit is 55 mi/h, what is the directional hourly volume?
For automobile, gasoline is a complex mixture of relatively volatile hydrocarbon blended for use in spark-ignition engines. Every time fuel is burned, the carbon is converted to carbon dioxide (CO2), the natural end product of combustion. If we approximate the chemical ormula for gasoline by the compound octane (C8H18) with a density of 739 grams/liter, the stoichiometric reaction for complete combustion is: C8H18 + 12.5O2 8CO2 + 9H2O Thus, for every mole of C8H18 fuel that is burned, eight moles of CO2 are produced, alon with nine moles of water vapor. Estimate the CO2 emission in grams per mile for a car getting 12 km/liter of gasoline.
An urban county with an area of 1,000 mile2 has an estimated 18 million miles of vehicular traffic per day and has a large power plant. The power plant produces 350 MW of electricity at an efficiency of 39%, burning 10,000 Btu/lb coal. The vehicle emission factor for VOCs is 6 grams/mile; the coal-fired boiler emission factor for VOCs is 1.4 lb/ton coal; biogenic emission of VOCs is 0.4 kg/km2 -hr on the average. Determine the total emissions of VOCs in tons/day from all sources (mobile, power plant, and biogenic).
Chapter 13 Solutions
EBK ELEMENTARY SURVEYING
Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.1PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.2PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.3PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.4PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.5PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.6PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.7PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.8PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.9PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.10P
Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.11PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.12PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.13PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.14PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.15PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.16PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.17PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.18PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.19PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.20PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.21PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.22PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.23PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.24PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.25PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.26PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.27PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.28PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.29PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.30PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.31PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.32PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.33PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.34P
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- A stack gas at 1 atm and 440oC contains 1100 ppm NO2. If the stack gas is emitted at the rate of 15,000 m3/min, what is the NO2 emission rate in grams per second?arrow_forwardA distillate fired industrial boiler rated at 60 million BTU/hr uses 2 million gallons per year of 0.25% sulfur distillate. What are its emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), SO2 and formaldehyde? Emission factors of air pollutants for distillate combustion in an industrial boiler are given below. NOX Pollutant Emission factor (lb/103 gallon 20 * SO2 142S* PM 10 2 CO 5 VOCs 0.2 Benzene 0.1863 Formaldehyde 1.7261 Cadmium Chromium(VI) *S= %S in fuel 0.0015 0.0002arrow_forward3. Consider a new 1800 MW power plant that burns dry sub-bituminous coal in a PC-wall-fired, wet bottom furnace with plant efficiency of 39%. Use the emission factors in your lecture notes to determine the emission rates of all particulates, PM10, SOx, NOx and CO in ton per year. No gas treatment equipment was installed.arrow_forward
- 1. The particulate emissions were measured from a factory stack. The stack was divided into three sectors with different cross-sectional areas. The measured velocities and particulate concentrations were given below. Sector number 1 2 3 Cross-sectional Stack velocity area (m²) (ft/s) 1.0 60 1.2 45 1.4 55 Particulate concentration (mg/m³) 450 530 610 a) What is the average particulate concentration in mg/m³? b) What are the particulate emissions per unit area in g/m²-s for sector number 1, 2 and 3? c) What are the flow rates of particulates in g/s for sector number 1, 2 and 3?arrow_forwardAn urban county with an area of 1,000 mile² has an estimated 18 million miles of vehicular traffic per day and has a large power plant. The power plant produces 350 MW of electricity at an efficiency of 39%, burning 10,000 Btu/lb coal. The vehicle emission factor for VOCs is 6 grams/mile; the coal-fired boiler emission factor for VOCs is 1.4 lb/ton coal; biogenic emission of VOCs is 0.4 kg/km²-hr on the average. Determine the total emissions of VOCs in tons/day from all sources (mobile, power plant, and biogenic).arrow_forwardFor automobile, gasoline is a complex mixture of relatively volatile hydrocarbon blended for use in spark-ignition engines. Every time fuel is burned, the carbon is converted to carbon dioxide (CO2), the natural end product of combustion. If we approximate the chemical formula for gasoline by the compound octane (C8H18) with a density of 739 grams/liter, the stoichiometric reaction for complete combustion is: C8H18 + 12.5O2 8CO2 + 9H2O Thus, for every mole of C8H18 fuel that is burned, eight moles of CO2 are produced, along with nine moles of water vapor. Estimate the CO2 emission in grams per mile for a car getting 12 km/liter of gasoline.arrow_forward
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