1 Chemistry: The Study Of Change 2 Aroms, Molecules, And Ions 3 Mass Relationships In Chemical Reactions 4 Reactions In Aqueous Solutions 5 Gases 6 Thermochemistry 7 Quantum Theory And The Electronic Structure Of Atoms 8 Periodic Relationships Among The Elements 9 Chemical Bonding I: Basic Concepts 10 Chemical Bonding Ii: Molecular Geometry And Hybridization Of Atomic Orbitals 11 Intermolecular Forces And Liquids And Solids 12 Physical Properties Of Solutions 13 Chemical Kinetics 14 Chemical Equilibrium 15 Acids And Bases 16 Acid-base Equilibria And Solubility Equilibria 17 Entropy, Free Energy, And Equilibrium 18 Electrochemistry 19 Nuclear Chemistry 20 Chemistry In The Atmosphere 21 Metallurgy And The Chemistry Of Metals 22 Nonmetallic Elements And Their Compounds 23 Transition Metals Chemistry And Coordination Compounds 24 Organic Chemistry 25 Synthetic And Natural Organic Polymers expand_more
13.1 The Rate Of A Reaction 13.2 The Rate Law 13.3 The Relation Between Reactant Concentration And Time 13.4 Activation Energy And Temperature Dependence Of Rate Constants 13.5 Reaction Mechanisms 13.6 Catalysis Chapter Questions expand_more
Problem 13.1QP: What is meant by the rate of a chemical reaction? What are the units of the rate of a reaction? Problem 13.2QP: Distinguish between average rate and instantaneous rate. Which of the two rates gives us an... Problem 13.3QP Problem 13.4QP: Can you suggest two reactions that are very slow (take days or longer to complete) and two reactions... Problem 13.5QP: Write the reaction rate expressions for the following reactions in terms of the disappearance of the... Problem 13.6QP: Write the reaction rate expressions for the following reactions in terms of the disappearance of the... Problem 13.7QP: Consider the reaction 2NO(g)+O2(g)2NO2(g) Suppose that at a particular moment during the reaction... Problem 13.8QP: Consider the reaction N2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(g) Suppose that at a particular moment during the reaction... Problem 13.9QP: Explain what is meant by the rate law of a reaction. Problem 13.10QP: What are the units for the rate constants of zero-order, first-order, and second-order reactions? Problem 13.11QP: Consider the zero-order reaction: A product. (a) Write the rate law for the reaction. (b) What are... Problem 13.12QP: On which of the following properties does the rate constant of a reaction depend: (a) reactant... Problem 13.13QP: The rate law for the reaction NH4+(aq)+NO2(aq)N2(g)+2H2O(l) is given by rate=k[NH4+][NO2]. At 25C,... Problem 13.14QP: Use the data in Table 13.2 to calculate the rate of the reaction at the time when [F2] = 0.010 M and... Problem 13.15QP: Consider the reaction A+Bproducts From the following data obtained at a certain temperature,... Problem 13.16QP: Consider the reaction X+YZ From the following data, obtained at 360 K, (a) determine the order of... Problem 13.17QP: Determine the overall orders of the reactions to which the following rate laws apply: (a) rate =... Problem 13.18QP: Consider the reaction AB The rate of the reaction is 1.6 102 M/s when the concentration of A is... Problem 13.19QP: Cyclobutane decomposes to ethylene according to the equation C4H8(g)2C2H4(g) Determine the order of... Problem 13.20QP: The following gas-phase reaction was studied at 290C by observing the change in pressure as a... Problem 13.21QP Problem 13.22QP Problem 13.23QP Problem 13.24QP Problem 13.25QP: What is the half-life of a compound if 75 percent of a given sample of the compound decomposes in 60... Problem 13.26QP: The thermal decomposition of phosphine (PH3) into phosphorus and molecular hydrogen is a first-order... Problem 13.27QP: The rate constant for the second-order reaction 2NOBr(g)2NO(g)+Br2(g) is 0.80/M s at 10C. (a)... Problem 13.28QP: The rate constant for the second-order reaction 2NO2(g)2NO(g)+O2(g) is 0.54/M s at 300C. How long... Problem 13.29QP: Consider the first-order reaction A B shown here. (a) What is the rate constant of the reaction?... Problem 13.30QP: The reaction X Y shown here follows first-order kinetics. Initially different amounts of X... Problem 13.31QP: Define activation energy. What role does activation energy play in chemical kinetics? Problem 13.32QP Problem 13.33QP Problem 13.34QP Problem 13.35QP: Sketch a potential energy versus reaction progress plot for the following reactions: (a)... Problem 13.36QP Problem 13.37QP: The diagram in (a) shows the plots of ln k versus 1/T for two first-order reactions, where k is the... Problem 13.38QP: Given the same reactant concentrations, the reaction CO(g)+Cl2(g)COCl2(g) at 250C is 1.50 103 times... Problem 13.39QP: Some reactions are described as parallel in that the reactant simultaneously forms different... Problem 13.40QP: Variation of the rate constant with temperature for the first-order reaction 2N2O5(g)2N2O4(g)+O2(g)... Problem 13.41QP: For the reaction NO(g)+O3(g)NO2(g)+O2(g) the frequency factor A is 8.7 1012 s1 and the activation... Problem 13.42QP: The rate constant of a first-order reaction is 4.60 104 s1 at 350C. If the activation energy is 104... Problem 13.43QP: The rate constants of some reactions double with every 10-degree rise in temperature. Assume that a... Problem 13.44QP Problem 13.45QP: Consider the second-order reaction NO(g)+Cl2(g)NOCl(g)+Cl(g) Given that the frequency factor and... Problem 13.46QP: The rate at which tree crickets chirp is 2.0 102 per minute at 27C but only 39.6 per minute at 5C.... Problem 13.47QP Problem 13.48QP: What do we mean by the mechanism of a reaction? What is an elementary step? What is the molecularity... Problem 13.49QP: Classify each of the following elementary steps as unimolecular, bimolecular, or termolecular. Problem 13.50QP: Reactions can be classified as unimolecular, bimolecular, and so on. Why are there no zero-molecular... Problem 13.51QP: Determine the molecularity and write the rate law for each of the following elementary steps: (a) X ... Problem 13.52QP: What is the rate-determining step of a reaction? Give an everyday analogy to illustrate the meaning... Problem 13.53QP: The equation for the combustion of ethane (C2H6) is 2C2H6(g)+7O2(g)4CO2(g)+6H2O(l) Explain why it is... Problem 13.54QP: Specify which of the following species cannot be isolated in a reaction: activated complex, product,... Problem 13.55QP: The rate law for the reaction 2NO(g)+Cl2(g)2NOCl(g) is given by rate = k[NO][Cl2]. (a) What is the... Problem 13.56QP: For the reaction X2 + Y + Z XY + XZ it is found that doubling the concentration of X2 doubles the... Problem 13.57QP Problem 13.58QP: The rate law for the reaction 2H2(g)+2NO(g)N2(g)+2H2O(g) is rate = k[H2][NO]2. Which of the... Problem 13.59QP: How does a catalyst increase the rate of a reaction? Problem 13.60QP: What are the characteristics of a catalyst? Problem 13.61QP: A certain reaction is known to proceed slowly at room temperature. Is it possible to make the... Problem 13.62QP: Distinguish between homogeneous catalysis and heterogeneous catalysis. Describe three important... Problem 13.63QP Problem 13.64QP: The concentrations of enzymes in cells are usually quite small. What is the biological significance... Problem 13.65QP: The diagram shown here represents a two-step mechanism. (a) Write the equation for each step and the... Problem 13.66QP: Consider the following mechanism for the enzyme-catalyzed reaction:... Problem 13.67QP: The following diagrams represent the progress of the reaction A B, where the red spheres represent... Problem 13.68QP Problem 13.69QP Problem 13.70QP: List four factors that influence the rate of a reaction. Problem 13.71QP Problem 13.72QP Problem 13.73QP Problem 13.74QP: The following data were collected for the reaction between hydrogen and nitric oxide at 700C:... Problem 13.75QP Problem 13.76QP: The rate of the reaction CH3COOC2H5(aq)+H2O(l)CH3COOH(aq)+C2H5OH(aq) shows first-order... Problem 13.77QP: Which of the following equations best describes the diagram shown: (a) A B, (b) A 3B, (c) 3A B? Problem 13.78QP Problem 13.79QP: The bromination of acetone is acid-catalyzed: CH3COCH3+Br2catalystH+CH3COCH2Br+H++Br The rate of... Problem 13.80QP: The decomposition of N2O to N2 and O2 is a first-order reaction. At 730C the half-life of the... Problem 13.81QP: The reaction S2O82+2I2SO42+I2 proceeds slowly in aqueous solution, but it can be catalyzed by the... Problem 13.82QP Problem 13.83QP: The integrated rate law for the zero-order reaction A B is [A]t = [A]0 kt. (a) Sketch the... Problem 13.84QP Problem 13.85QP Problem 13.86QP: The diagrams here represent the reaction A + B C carried out under different initial concentrations... Problem 13.87QP Problem 13.88QP: The rate law for the reaction 2NO2 (g) N2O4(g) is rate = k[NO2]2. Which of the following changes... Problem 13.89QP Problem 13.90QP Problem 13.91QP: Briefly comment on the effect of a catalyst on each of the following: (a) activation energy, (b)... Problem 13.92QP: When 6 g of granulated Zn is added to a solution of 2 M HCl in a beaker at room temperature,... Problem 13.93QP Problem 13.94QP: A certain first-order reaction is 35.5 percent complete in 4.90 min at 25C. What is its rate... Problem 13.95QP: The decomposition of dinitrogen pentoxide has been studied in carbon tetrachloride solvent (CCl4) at... Problem 13.96QP: The thermal decomposition of N2O5 obeys first-order kinetics. At 45C, a plot of ln [N2O5] versus t... Problem 13.97QP Problem 13.99QP Problem 13.100QP Problem 13.101QP Problem 13.102QP: Chlorine oxide (ClO), which plays an important role in the depletion of ozone (see Problem 13.101),... Problem 13.103QP Problem 13.104QP Problem 13.105QP Problem 13.106QP Problem 13.107QP Problem 13.108QP Problem 13.109QP Problem 13.110QP: Thallium(I) is oxidized by cerium(IV) as follows: TI++2Ce4+TI3++2Ce3+ The elementary steps, in the... Problem 13.111QP Problem 13.112QP Problem 13.113QP Problem 13.114QP Problem 13.116QP: Strontium-90, a radioactive isotope, is a major product of an atomic bomb explosion. It has a... Problem 13.117QP Problem 13.118QP: Consider the following potential energy profile for the A D reaction. (a) How many elementary steps... Problem 13.119QP Problem 13.120QP Problem 13.121QP Problem 13.122QP Problem 13.123QP Problem 13.124QP Problem 13.125QP: Polyethylene is used in many items, including water pipes, bottles, electrical insulation, toys, and... Problem 13.126QP Problem 13.127QP Problem 13.128QP Problem 13.129QP Problem 13.130QP Problem 13.131QP Problem 13.132QP: A gas mixture containing CH3 fragments, C2H6 molecules, and an inert gas (He) was prepared at 600 K... Problem 13.133QP Problem 13.134QP: The activation energy (Ea) for the reaction 2N2O(g)2N2(g)+O2(g)H=164kJ/mol is 240 kJ/mol. What is Ea... Problem 13.135QP: The rate constants for the first-order decomposition of an organic compound in solution are measured... Problem 13.136QP Problem 13.137QP: An instructor performed a lecture demonstration of the thermite reaction (see Example 6.10). He... Problem 13.138QP Problem 13.139QP: Is the rate constant (k) of a reaction more sensitive to changes in temperature if Ea is small or... Problem 13.140QP Problem 13.141QP Problem 13.142QP format_list_bulleted